Saponarin content and biosynthesis-related gene expression in young barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) seedlings

Lee, Han-Gyeol; Woo, So-Yeun; Ra, Ji-Eun; Lee, Kwang-Sik; Seo, Woo Duck; Lee, Jeong‐Hwan

doi:10.5010/jpb.2019.46.4.247

Cited by 8 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…OGT is responsible for the conversion of isovitexin to saponarin in barley [33]. There are two classes of OGT (OGT1 and OGT2) found in the barley genome, where a change in the expression level of OGT1 has been associated with saponarin concentration [11]. In the present study, we found that a positive correlation exists between the HvOGT1 expression pattern and saponarin accumulation, suggesting the possibility of OGT1 involvement in saponarin biosynthesis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…C-glycosylated flavones constitute the major portion of flavonoids found in barley seedlings [32]. Saponarin (isovitexin-7-O-glucoside) is a major C-glycosylated flavone, which is naturally present in young barley seedlings [11]. Among cellular organelles, saponarin is efficiently stored in vacuoles [33] and high accumulation is typically observed in primary leaves [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The molecular basis for the specialized metabolite accumulation to a particular physiological condition is mainly due to changes in the expression pattern of one or more specialized biosynthetic genes. Lee et al [11] suggested that the expression pattern of UDP-Glc: Isovitexin 7-O-glucosyltransferase (OGT) is likely responsible for saponarin biosynthesis in barley. OGT is responsible for the conversion of isovitexin to saponarin in barley [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extraction method of Lee et al [11] was used for the preparation of crude extracts from dried barley and wheat seedlings. An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatograph equipped with UV detectors (Dionex Ultimate 3000; Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and reversed-phase HPLC column (ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18, 2.1 mm by 100 mm) was utilized for separation and quantitative analyses [8].…”

Section: Extraction Of C-glycosylated Flavones and Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent reports discussing the broad therapeutic roles of functional ingredients or derived components of barley suggest that it may be the best fit in the modern human diet as a functional food [5][6][7]. Barley saponarin has several health benefits, including anti-inflammatory response [4,8], prevention of bacterial infections [9], regulation of glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity [10], reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol [4], and anti-carcinogenic responses [11]. Similarly, isoorientin from wheat acts as an anti-cancer compound [12] and also possesses anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antiplatelet [13], and antioxidant activities [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in Beneficial C-glycosylflavones and Policosanol Content in Wheat and Barley Sprouts Subjected to Differential LED Light Conditions

Muthusamy

Kim

et al. 2020

Plants

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The spectral quality and intensity of light, photoperiodism, and other environmental factors have profound impacts on the metabolic composition of light-dependent higher plants. Hence, we investigate the effects of fluorescent light (96 μmol m−2s−1) and white (100 μmol m−2s−1), blue (100 μmol m−2s−1), and red (93 μmol m−2s−1) light-emitting diode (LED) light irradiation on the C-glycosylflavone and policosanol contents in young seedlings of wheat and barley. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) analyses of C-glycosylflavone contents in barley reveal that the saponarin content is significantly enhanced under blue LED light irradiation. Under similar conditions, isoorientin and isoschaftoside contents are improved in wheat seedlings. The contents of these C-glycosylflavones differed along with the light quality and growth period. The highest accumulation was observed in sprouts after three days under blue LED light irradiation. GC/MS analyses of policosanol contents showed that 1-hexacosanol (C26:o–OH) in barley and 1-octacosanol (C28:o–OH) in wheat seedlings were reduced under LED light irradiation, compared to seedlings under fluorescent light conditions. Nonetheless, the policosanol contents gradually improved with the extension of growth times and treatments, irrespective of the light quality. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between the expression pattern of biosynthesis-related genes and the respective metabolite content in barley. This study demonstrates that blue LED light irradiation is useful in maximizing the C-glycosylflavone content in barley and wheat sprouts.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Extraction Of C-glycosylated Flavones and Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Changes in Beneficial C-glycosylflavones and Policosanol Content in Wheat and Barley Sprouts Subjected to Differential LED Light Conditions

Muthusamy

Kim

et al. 2020

Plants

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Saponarin, a Di-glycosyl Flavone from Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.): An Effective Compound for Plant Defense and Therapeutic Application

et al. 2023

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Saponarin (SA) is a major di-C-glycosyl-O-glycosyl flavone, which is predominantly accumulated in the young green leaves of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), with numerous biological functions in plants, such as protection against environmental stresses. Generally, SA synthesis and its localization in the mesophyll vacuole or leaf epidermis are largely stimulated in response to biotic and abiotic stresses to participate in a plant’s defense response. In addition, SA is also credited for its pharmacological properties, such as the regulation of signaling pathways associated with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses. In recent years, many researchers have shown the potential of SA to treat oxidative and inflammatory disorders, such as in protection against liver diseases, and reducing blood glucose, along with antiobesity effects. This review aims to highlight natural variations of SA in plants, biosynthesis pathway, and SA’s role in response to environmental stress and implications in various therapeutic applications. In addition, we also discuss the challenges and knowledge gaps concerning SA use and commercialization.

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Variation of Saponarin Content in Barley Sprouts (Hordeum vulgare L.) by Natural Light Shielding: Implication of the Importance of Light Intensity

Yoon,

Cho,

Kim

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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Saponarin is a functional metabolite produced by barley sprouts, and the mass production of saponarin by this crop is attractive for dietary supplement manufacturing. Light is the most important environmental factor determining plant growth, survival, and the production of secondary metabolites including flavonoids. This study was conducted to investigate the importance of light intensity for saponarin production in barley sprouts using a hydroponic growth system. Light intensity was manipulated by using shielding treatments to 100, 80, 70, and 50% natural sunlight (NS), and crop cultivation was performed on a monthly cycle. We found that the growth rate and biomass of barley sprouts did not differ in response to the shield treatments, whereas the saponarin content did. The highest saponarin content (i.e., from 1329 to 1673 mg 100 g −1 ) was observed in the 100% NS treatment, and it gradually decreased as light intensity also decreased. Statistical analysis revealed a significant polynomial relationship of saponarin content with cumulative PPFD (R 2 = 76%), implying that the absolute total amount of light exposure over the growth period has a large effect on saponarin productivity in a hydroponic facility. Taken together, our results showed that shielding conditions, which are often unintentionally created by the design of cultivation facilities, can adversely affect saponarin production in barley sprouts. In addition, it was confirmed through our findings that light conditions with at least 70% NS in the cultivation facility enable the production of an amount corresponding to the saponarin content of the sprouts (>1000 mg 100 g −1 ) produced in the open field. Further studies are needed to investigate the underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms responsible for the relationship of saponarin content with light quantity and quality in barley sprouts.

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Saponarin content and biosynthesis-related gene expression in young barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings

Cited by 8 publications

References 40 publications

Changes in Beneficial C-glycosylflavones and Policosanol Content in Wheat and Barley Sprouts Subjected to Differential LED Light Conditions

Changes in Beneficial C-glycosylflavones and Policosanol Content in Wheat and Barley Sprouts Subjected to Differential LED Light Conditions

Saponarin, a Di-glycosyl Flavone from Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.): An Effective Compound for Plant Defense and Therapeutic Application

Variation of Saponarin Content in Barley Sprouts (Hordeum vulgare L.) by Natural Light Shielding: Implication of the Importance of Light Intensity

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