Saponins from Genus Albizia: Phytochemical and Biological Review

Abstract

Pharmacological activities of extracts containing saponins from different Albizia species Anti-inflammatory activity: The aqueous ethanolic extract of A. amara roots exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effect in rats at dose of 200 mg/kg administrated compared to the standard dose of aspirin (100 mg/kg). The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated using carrageenan-induced paw oedema where the percentage inhibition of oedema was 61.91% [2]. The aqueous ethanolic extract of A. lebbeck bark showed significant anti-inflammatory effect at dose of 400 mg/kg administrated to rats compared to the standard dose of indomethacin (10 mg/kg).The antiinflammatory effect was evaluated using carrageenan, dextran, and cotton pellet-induced paw oedema where the percentage inhibition of oedema was 59.57%, 52.93%, and 53.57%, respectively [3]. Analgesic activity: The aqueous ethanolic extract of A. amara roots showed analgesic effect at dose of 200 mg/kg administrated to rats compared to the standard dose of aspirin (100 mg/kg). The analgesic effect was evaluated using hot plate method test [2]. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of A. lebbeck leaves revealed analgesic effect at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg administrated to rats. The analgesic effect was evaluated using the hot plate test and tail flick method [4]. Nootropic and anxiolytic activity: The n-butanolic fraction of the methanolic extract of A. lebbeck leaves showed nootropic and anxiolytic activity at dose of 25 mg/kg administrated to albino mice. This effect was evaluated using the elevated plus maze test [5]. Anti-histaminic activity: The ethanolic extract of A. lebbeck stem bark inhibited histamine signaling in sensitized rats at a dose of 200 mg/ rat through suppression of H1 receptors and histidine decarboxylase genes (HDC) transcriptions [6]. Anti-microbial activity: The 70% aqueous ethanolic extract of A. ferruginea stem bark and leaves showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium notatum. The anti-microbial activity was evaluated by calculating zone of inhibition were the leaves extract was more active and P. aeruginosa was resistant to both extracts [7]. Anti-spermatogenic activity: Oral administration of 50 mg/kg of a saponin-rich fraction obtained from the A. lebbeck stem bark for 60 days to male rats led to decrease in the weights of testes, epididymides, seminal vesicle and ventral prostate also the production of round spermatid was reduced by 73.04% [8]. Pharmacological activity wasn't only evaluated on extracts containing saponins, but it was also evaluated on pure isolated saponins. Table 1 and Figures 1-7 shows

Phytochemical Screening, Antibacterial Activity and Bioautography of <i>Sorindeia madagascariensis</i>, <i>Mucuna stans</i>, and <i>Albizia harveyi</i>

“…With exception to alkaloids, all tested phytochemicals were detected in the leaf extract of A. harveyi. This is in conformity with other reports whereby, together with other phytochemicals, saponins and flavonoids have been largely detected in several organs of most Albizia species [18,[52][53][54].…”