Sapucaia nut (Lecythis pisonis Cambess) and its by-products: A promising and underutilized source of bioactive compounds. Part II: Phenolic compounds profile

Abstract

In this study, the profile of the bioactive compounds of sapucaia nut (Lecythis pisonis Cambess) and its by-products have been investigated. The phenolic profile by LC-ESI-MS/MS, the total phenolic content, the condensed tannins and the antioxidant activity of the sapucaia nut and shell were determined. 14 phenolic compounds were identified in the sapucaia nut extract, primarily phenolic acids and flavonoids. Catechin, epicatechin, myricetin, ellagic acid and ferulic acid presented significant correlation to the antioxidant activity. The sapucaia shell contained 22 phenolic compounds, 13 of which were quantified. The sapucaia shell extract showed a high content of total phenolic compounds, a high condensed tannins content, and high antioxidant activity. The higher antioxidant activity of the shell can be associated with a higher content of phenolics. Overall, it can be concluded that the sapucaia nut is a raw material rich in phenolic compounds that present high antioxidant activity. The nuts and the cake may be used as a promising raw material for the food industry, while the shells could be an alternative source of natural antioxidants. Further use in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry may also be envisaged.

Activity of catechins and their applications

“…Has an anti-allergenic component and antiinflammatory and anti-arthritic activity Ohmori et al 1995, Marques et al 2018, Foyet et al 2015, Magalhães et al 2009 Anti-viral activities Shows anti-influenza activity and interferes with cell infiltration and attachment of herpes simplex virus Ide et al 2014, Cheng 2006 Anti-cancer activities Extract from Lawsonia inermis (Henna) can inhibit proliferation of cancer cells Kumar et al 2016 Activation of skin barrier passage Various methods have enhanced the skin penetration of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) anti-oxidants Puri et al 2016, Zillich et al 2013, dal Belo et al 2009, Kadhum et al 2017, Bombardelli 1991, Arct et al 2002, Yang et al 2015c, Wisuitiprot et al 2011 Promoting cell activities Effective for low cytotoxicity and anti-melanin production and improves reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cell viability and cell proliferation Kim et al 2015 Sludge utilisation Anti-oxidant components were extracted from various sludge, suggesting that they could be developed into foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals Aires et al 2016, Magalhães et al 2015, Reis et al 2016, Kosińska et al 2012, Arruda et al 2017, Hernández-Hernández et al 2018, Sharma et al 2013, Demoliner et al 2018, Oliveira et al 2013 Stability Aspects exploited for improving stability include sunlight, oxidation, compound stability, and collagen stabilisation Scalia et al 2013, Ferreira-Nunes et al 2018, Jang et al 2014, Bianchi et al 2011, Madhan et al 2005, Gallego et al 2017 Relatively stable at low pH and the extraction efficiency of anti-oxidants was high Tsuchiya et...…”

“…Sapucaia nuts and their byproducts are rich in phenolic compounds that are high in anti-oxidant activity. The content of phenol is especially high in the shell (Demoliner et al 2018). In another study, the anti-oxidant activities of the bark fibres of four coconut cultivars were examined, and the phenolic components and anti-oxidant activities of the coconut shells were confirmed (Oliveira et al 2013).…”

Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant activity of a Lecythis pisonis Cambess. Specimen (Lecythidaceae)

“…Esses resultados estão em acordo com os dados fitoquímicos apresentados na literatura para a espécie. [15][16][17][18][19] Somente no extrato hexânico observou-se a formação de coloração verde na reação de Liebermann-Burchard, indicativo da presença de triterpenos e/ou esteroides. De acordo com Burke e colaboradores, 23 a mudança na coloração é devida a formação do carbocátion 3,5-colestadieno que absorve em torno de 410 nm.…”

“…Em um trabalho realizado com o extrato MeOH de quatro diferentes amostras das cascas das nozes de L. pisonis foram observados teores de proantocianidinas de 91,99 ± 1,59 -123,81 ± 1,74 mg ECAT/g. 19 Até o momento, não há relatos sobre a quantificação de proantocianidinas nas folhas de L. pisonis, dessa forma os resultados obtidos neste trabalho podem servir de referência para futuros estudos com as folhas da planta em questão.…”

“…[11][12][13] Pesquisas sobre a composição química de L. pisonis revelaram a presença de triterpenos, esteroides, saponinas triterpênicas, diterpenos, ácidos fenólicos, flavonoides, álcoois, aldeídos e monoterpenos. [14][15][16][17][18][19] Estudos atribuem à composição química da espécie algumas atividades biológicas, tais como: citotóxica, contra três linhagens celulares de tumor humano, 15 antipruriginosa, 16 antioxidante, 17,[19][20][21] antinociceptiva 22 e anti-inflamatória. 20 Observando o potencial biológico de L. pisonis, este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar a prospecção fitoquímica dos extratos brutos em hexano, MeOH e MeOH:H 2 O das folhas de um espécime de L. pisonis.…”