Sapwood thickness in Pinuscontorta var. latifolia

Yang, K. C.; Murchison, H.G.

doi:10.1139/x92-262

Cited by 16 publications

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“…A constant sapwood thickness at various tree level heights in both ring count and linear measurement was reported for Pinus banksiana and Larix laricina (Yang et al 1985) and Pinus contorm (Yang and Murchison 1992). In this study, a similar result was also observed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Formation and vertical distribution of sapwood and heartwood in Cryptomeria japonica D. Don

Yang

Chen

Chiu

et al. 1994

Trees

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Abstract. The formation and vertical distribution of sapwood and heartwood were studied with a 45-year-old Cryptomeria japonica D. Don. The tree was grown at a plantation with 1.5 m • 3.0 m spacing near Miao-Li, Taiwan and was felled on 27 February 1992. The thickness of sapwood and heartwood was expressed by a ring count and a linear measurement. The east-west (E-W) wood strips were collected from 0.3 m above ground upwards to the top of the tree at 2.5 m intervals. The sapwood thicknesses from the base to the 10.3 m tree level height are around 20-22 growth rings and 42-t-2 mm. At the top of the tree, the sapwood thickness is narrower. The heartwood, which decreases in thickness with increasing tree level heights is not found at the top of the tree. The heartwood appears as a conical shape in the tree trunk. There is no statistical difference in sapwood/heartwood thickness between E-W aspects. Tree level heights and the tree level age were found to be important parameters in determining the thickness of sapwood/heartwood.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Formation and vertical distribution of sapwood and heartwood in Cryptomeria japonica D. Don

Yang

Chen

Chiu

et al. 1994

Trees

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“…5). Other studies on sapwood development have also reported an approximately constant width of sapwood along the below-the-crown stem for several other species (Pinus contorta [30], P. pinaster [14,21], P. banksiana [31], Acacia melanoxylon [15]). For E. globulus, sapwood radial width has been reported in the lower part of the stem with values in the range of 15 mm to 37 mm [9,17,18], while for E. grandis values between 9 mm and 48 mm were reported [28], and 25 mm to 50 mm for E. maculata [2].…”

Section: Sitementioning

confidence: 77%

“…Such influence of tree growth on heartwood has been referred to for eucalypts [8,9,17,28] and several other species (e.g. [3,14,21,27,29,30]). …”

Section: Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

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Heartwood and sapwood variation in Eucalyptus globulus Labill. trees at the end of rotation for pulp wood production

Morais

Pereira²

2007

Ann. For. Sci.

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-The amount of heartwood and sapwood in Eucalyptus globulus Labill. wood was determined in commercial pulpwood plantations at harvest age (12 to 15 years) in four ites in central portugal. twelve trees were sampled in each site at nine stem height levels. Heartwood was present in all the trees up to 82%-87% of the total tree height and amounted to 38%-41% of the total tree volume. The heartwood proportion in the stem cross-section decreased from the base upwards, representing 53.3% and 26.1% of the total area respectively at the base and 55% height level. The sapwood width remained relatively constant along the stem at a mean 38 mm up to the 55% height level. The trees within the site, the height level and their interaction were highly significant sources of variation for heartwood proportion and sapwood width. The heartwood diameter and sapwood width were positively correlated with radial tree growth.Eucalyptus globulus / sapwood / heartwood / tree growth / pulping Résumé -Variation du bois de coeur et de l'aubier de Eucalyptus globulus Labill. pour la production papetière. La quantité de bois de coeur et d'aubier dans les arbres d'Eucalyptus globulus Labill. a été déterminée dans des plantations commerciales pour l'industrie papetière à l'âge de rotation 12 à 15 ans dans quatre sites au centre du Portugal. Douze arbres ont été prélevés dans chaque site à neuf niveaux. Chaque site est représenté par douze arbres et chaque arbre par neuf disques à différentes hauteurs. Le bois de coeur était présent dans tous les arbres jusqu'à 82 %-87 % de la hauteur et représentait 38 %-41 % du volume. La proportion de bois de coeur dans la section transversale de la tige diminuait de la base vers le sommet, correspondant à 53,3 % et 26,1 % de la surface totale, respectivement à la base et au niveau de 55 % d'hauteur. La largeur de l'aubier est demeurée relativement constante au long de l'arbre à une moyenne de 38 mm jusqu'au niveau de 55 %. Les arbres dans le site, le niveau d'hauteur et leur interaction ont été des sources de variation fortement significatives pour la proportion de bois de coeur et la largeur de l'aubier. Le diamètre du bois de coeur et la largeur de l'aubier ont été corrélés positivement avec la croissance radiale de l'arbre. La proportion de bois de coeur et la largeur d'aubier sont expliquées par l'effet arbre dans le site et par la hauteur dans l'arbre. Le diamètre du bois de coeur et la largeur d'aubier sont corrélés positivement avec la croissance radiale.Eucalyptus globulus / aubier / bois de coeur / croissance de l'arbre / pâte à papier

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“…Eucalyptus grandis (Wilkins 1991) and for other species, i.e. Tectona grandis (Bhat 1995), Pinus contorta (Yang and Murchison 1992), Juglans nigra (Woeste 2002), Acacia melanoxylon (Knapic and Pereira 2005) and Pinus canariensis (Climent et al 2002), although a few authors report the inverse correlation in Pinus silvestris, Picae abies and Cryptomeria japonica (Karkkainen 1972;Hillis 1987). Therefore, it is to be expected that heartwood diameter is positively related with tree diameter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of heartwood and sapwood in 18-year-old Eucalyptus globulus trees grown with different spacings

Miranda¹,

Gominho²,

Pereira³

2008

Trees

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Heartwood and sapwood development was studied in 18-year-old Eucalyptus globulus trees from pulpwood plantations with different spacings (3 9 2, 3 9 3, 4 9 3, 4 9 4 and 4 9 5 m), on cross-sectional discs taken at breast height. The trees possessed a large proportion of heartwood, on average 60% of the wood cross-sectional surface. Spacing was a statistically significant source of variation of heartwood area, which ranged between 99 and 206 cm 2 for the closer (3 9 2) and wider (4 9 5) spacings, respectively. There was a positive and high statistical significant correlation between heartwood diameter and tree diameter (heartwood diameter = -0.272 ? 0.616 dbh; r 2 = 0.77; P \ 0.001), and larger trees contained more heartwood regardless of spacing. Heartwood proportion in cross-section remained practically constant between spacings but increased with tree diameter class: 55.1, 62.2, 65.0 and 69.5% for diameter at breast height classes \15, 15-20, 20-25 and [25 cm, respec-tively. The sapwood width did not depend on tree diameter growth and remained practically constant at an average of 18 mm (range 15-21 mm), but sapwood area showed a good linear regression with tree diameter. Therefore, tree growth enhancement factors, such as wide spacings, will induce formation of larger heartwoods that can negatively impact raw-material quality for pulping. The increase in heartwood in relation with tree dimensions should therefore be taken into account when designing forest management guidelines.

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Sapwood thickness in Pinuscontorta var. latifolia

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Formation and vertical distribution of sapwood and heartwood in Cryptomeria japonica D. Don

Formation and vertical distribution of sapwood and heartwood in Cryptomeria japonica D. Don

Heartwood and sapwood variation in Eucalyptus globulus Labill. trees at the end of rotation for pulp wood production

Variation of heartwood and sapwood in 18-year-old Eucalyptus globulus trees grown with different spacings

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