SAR and scatterometer signatures of sea ice

Onstott, R.G.

doi:10.1029/gm068p0073

Cited by 201 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Each firstyear ice sample depicts a positive correlation with the Grise Fiord temperature (Table 1), with a maximum value of 0.59. The positive correlation of first-year backscatter with air temperature for the same range (-20 to -40ºC) was also reported by Onstott (1992) and Barber et al (1995).…”

Section: First-year Ice (F1-6)supporting

confidence: 54%

“…This can be explained by the dominant volume scattering from small gas bubbles (0.5-2.5 mm in size) in multi-year ice (Onstott, 1992). The dielectric loss factor (ε″) of multi-year ice is close to zero, since the ice is nearly salt-free (Hallikainen and Winebrenner, 1992), resulting in a penetration depth of C-band radiation of approximately 0.6 m (Schuchmann et al, 1991).…”

Section: Sar Backscatter Characteristics Of Arctic Surfaces In Wintermentioning

confidence: 99%

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C‐band SAR backscatter characteristics of Arctic sea and land ice during winter

Steffen¹,

Heinrichs

2001

Atmosphere-Ocean

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Section: First-year Ice (F1-6)supporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Sar Backscatter Characteristics Of Arctic Surfaces In Wintermentioning

confidence: 99%

C‐band SAR backscatter characteristics of Arctic sea and land ice during winter

Steffen¹,

Heinrichs

2001

Atmosphere-Ocean

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“…Inversion between MYI and FYI σ o also occurs this time (Onstott, 1992), and now thinner FYI is shown in brighter tone. Later during the melt pond drainage and summer breakup, floe breakup occurs along those bright toned (thinner) ice areas (Figure 6c and 6d).…”

Section: Spring Breakup During Surface Snow Melt (June 10-15)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During this time, TS-X σ o of sea ice decreased almost by 12 dB at the buoy locations (compared between May 8 and June 14 for the range of incident angle of 23-24°). This significant decrease in TS-X σ o can be attributed to high water content (i.e., funicular regime) in the wet snow (Onstott, 1992;Hwang et al 2007), indicating that the onset of snow melt occurred around June 14 at the clusters. This timing of snow melt coincides with the rise of air temperature to 0°C on June 10 from -8°C on June 5 (Figure 3c).…”

Section: Spring Breakup During Surface Snow Melt (June 10-15)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter-to-summer transition of Arctic sea ice breakup and floe size distribution in the Beaufort Sea

Hwang

Wilkinson

Maksym

et al. 2017

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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ǁǁBreakup of the near-continuous winter sea ice into discrete summer ice floes is an important transition that dictates the evolution and fate of the marginal ice zone (MIZ) of the Arctic Ocean. During the winter of 2014, more than 50 autonomous drifting buoys were deployed in four separate clusters on the sea ice in the Beaufort Sea, as part of the Office of Naval Research MIZ program. These systems measured the ocean-ice-atmosphere properties at their location whilst the sea ice parameters in the surrounding area of these buoy clusters were continuously monitored by satellite TerraSAR-X Synthetic Aperture Radar. This approach provided a unique Lagrangian view of the winter-to-summer transition of sea ice breakup and floe size distribution at each cluster between March and August. The results show the critical timings of a) temporary breakup of winter sea ice coinciding with strong wind events and b) spring breakup (during surface melt, melt ponding and drainage) leading to distinctive summer ice floes. Importantly our results suggest that summer sea ice floe distribution is potentially affected by the state of winter sea ice, including the composition and fracturing (caused by deformation events) of winter sea ice, and that substantial mid-summer breakup of sea ice floes is likely linked to the timing of thermodynamic melt of sea ice in the area. As the rate of deformation and thermodynamic melt of sea ice has been increasing in the MIZ in the Beaufort Sea, our results suggest that these elevated factors would promote faster and more enhanced breakup of sea ice, leading to a higher melt rate of sea ice and thus a more rapid advance of the summer MIZ.

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“…This results from the re-freezing of slush at the snow/ice interface caused by sea water flooding in the case of negative ice freeboard. Also during summer snow contributes to the sea ice mass balance by the formation of superimposed ice (Onstott, 1992;Holt and Digby, 1985;Kawamura et al, 1997;Haas et al, 2001). This results from the re-freezing of snow melt water at the snow/ice interface when the temperature gradients within snow and ice are positive, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of superimposed ice formation at melt-onset on fast ice on Kongsfjorden, Svalbard

Nicolaus

Haas

Bareiss

2003

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C

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Measurements of superimposed ice formation and snow properties as a function of the surface energy balance during melt-onset are presented. They were performed on fast ice on Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, between late May and early June 2002. On May 27, rapid snow melt commenced and within 5 days the snow cover initially 0.23 m thick transformed completely into 0.05-0.06 m of superimposed ice. The superimposed ice formed by both percolation of melt water to ice layers and by settling of snow between ice layers. Melt-onset was characterized by rapid changes in the total energy balance, which became positive throughout the whole day after May 27. The increased energy fluxes were mainly caused by higher incoming longwave radiation due to overcast conditions. The observations show that superimposed ice contributes significantly to sea ice mass balance.

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SAR and scatterometer signatures of sea ice

Cited by 201 publications

References 22 publications

C‐band SAR backscatter characteristics of Arctic sea and land ice during winter

C‐band SAR backscatter characteristics of Arctic sea and land ice during winter

Winter-to-summer transition of Arctic sea ice breakup and floe size distribution in the Beaufort Sea

Observations of superimposed ice formation at melt-onset on fast ice on Kongsfjorden, Svalbard

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