“…Unlike face-to-face communications, where nonverbal cues are simultaneously sent as the complements to help clarify verbal messages, early CMCs lacked non-verbal cues, largely constraining its communicative ability (Lo, 2008;Walther & D'Addario, 2001). The development and adoption of emojis helped address this issue by providing communicators with an easy way to add non-verbal cues on their verbal messages in the CMC (Derks, Bos, & Von Grumbkow, 2008;Thompson & Filik, 2016;Yuasa, Saito, & Mukawa, 2011). Currently, there are two general types of emojis, namely, face emojis and non-face emojis (Riordan, 2017a).…”