Sarcocystis neurona-associated Meningoencephalitis and Description of Intramuscular Sarcocysts in a Fisher (Martes pennanti)

Gerhold, Richard W.; Howerth, Elizabeth W.; Lindsay, David S.

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-41.1.224

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A wild–caught, ataxic fisher was found to have no fear of humans and was attacked by a dog (Gerhold et al, 2005). Euthanasia and complete necropsy were performed to exclude rabies.…”

Section: Clinical Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An update on Sarcocystis neurona infections in animals and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM)

Dubey

Howe

Furr

et al. 2015

Veterinary Parasitology

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Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is a serious disease of horses, and its management continues to be a challenge for veterinarians. The protozoan Sarcocystis neurona is most commonly associated with EPM. S. neurona has emerged as a common cause of mortality in marine mammals, especially sea otters (Enhydra lutris). EPM-like illness has also been recorded in several other mammals, including domestic dogs and cats. This paper updates S. neurona and EPM information from the last 15 years on the advances regarding life cycle, molecular biology, epidemiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and control.

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“…A wild–caught, ataxic fisher was found to have no fear of humans and was attacked by a dog (Gerhold et al, 2005). Euthanasia and complete necropsy were performed to exclude rabies.…”

Section: Clinical Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An update on Sarcocystis neurona infections in animals and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM)

Dubey

Howe

Furr

et al. 2015

Veterinary Parasitology

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“…These animals may shed infective sporocysts in their feces for prolonged periods without showing clinical signs (Porter et al, 2001). Several animals, including raccoons, (Dubey et al, 2001g; Stanek et al, 2002) skunks (Cheadle et al, 2001b; Dubey and Hamir, 2000), fisher (Gerhold et al, 2005), armadillos (Cheadle et al, 2001a), cowbirds (Mansfield et al, 2008), cats (Dubey and Hamir, 2000; Dubey et al, 2003a), dogs (Vashist et al, 2005), harbor seals (LaPointe et al, 1998) and sea otters (Rosonke et al, 1999; Lindsay et al, 2000; Dubey et al, 2001f; Thomas et al, 2007) serve as intermediate hosts for S. neurona , supporting the development of tissue cysts (or sarcocysts) in skeletal muscle and myocardium. Tissue cysts from skeletal muscle of a sea otter with S. neurona -associated meningoencephalitis were fed to an opossum, resulting in fecal shedding of sporocysts (Dubey et al, 2001f).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural and molecular confirmation of the development of Sarcocystis neurona tissue cysts in the central nervous system of southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis)

Miller

Barr

Nordhausen

et al. 2009

International Journal for Parasitology

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In 2004, three wild sea otters were diagnosed with putative Sarcocystis neurona-associated meningoencephalitis by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Schizonts, free merozoites and tissue cysts were observed in the brains of all three infected animals. Tissue cysts from sea otter 1 (SO1) stained positively using anti-S. neurona polyclonal antiserum. However, positive staining does not preclude infection by closely related or cross-reactive tissue cyst-forming coccidian parasites. Two immature tissue cysts in the brain of SO1 were examined using transmission electron microscopy. Ultrastructural features included cyst walls with thin villous projections up to 1 μm long with tapered ends and a distinctive, electron-dense outer lining layer composed of linearly-arranged, semi-circular structures with a "hobnailed" surface contour. Small numbers of microtubules extended down through the villi into the underlying granular layer. Metrocytes were short and plump with an anterior apical complex, 22 subpellicular microtubules, numerous free ribosomes and no rhoptries. Some metrocytes appeared to be dividing, with two adjacent nuclear profiles. Collectively these ultrastructural features were compatible with developing protozoal cysts and were similar to prior descriptions of S. neurona tissue cysts. Panspecific 18S rDNA primers were utilized to identify protozoa infecting the brains of these otters and DNA amplification and additional sequencing at the ITS1 locus confirmed that all three otters were infected with S. neurona. No other Sarcocystis spp. were detected in the brains or skeletal muscles of these animals by immunohistochemistry or PCR.*Corresponding authors. Tel.: +1 831 469 1746; Fax: +1 831 469 1723, E-mail address: mmiller@ospr.dfg.ca.gov. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. We believe this is the first ultrastructural and molecular confirmation of the development of S. neurona tissue cysts in the CNS of any animal. NIH Public Access

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“…A single American marten from the NLP was found to be shedding Sarcocystis species sporocysts. Sarcocystis species is a protozoal parasite that has infrequently been reported in carnivores such as domestic cats, dogs, raccoons, cougars, bobcats, mink, striped skunks, sea otters, fishers and Pacific harbor seals ( Foreyt and Langerquist, 1993 , Gerhold et al., 2005 , Larkin et al., 2011 ). Sarcocystis species require an intermediate host.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endoparasites of American marten ( Martes americana ): Review of the literature and parasite survey of reintroduced American marten in Michigan

Spriggs

Kaloustian

Gerhold

2016

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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The American marten (Martes americana) was reintroduced to both the Upper (UP) and northern Lower Peninsula (NLP) of Michigan during the 20th century. This is the first report of endoparasites of American marten from the NLP. Faeces from live-trapped American marten were examined for the presence of parasitic ova, and blood samples were obtained for haematocrit evaluation. The most prevalent parasites were Capillaria and Alaria species. Helminth parasites reported in American marten for the first time include Eucoleus boehmi, hookworm, and Hymenolepis and Strongyloides species. This is the first report of shedding of Sarcocystis species sporocysts in an American marten and identification of 2 coccidian parasites, Cystoisospora and Eimeria species. The pathologic and zoonotic potential of each parasite species is discussed, and previous reports of endoparasites of the American marten in North America are reviewed.

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Sarcocystis neurona-associated Meningoencephalitis and Description of Intramuscular Sarcocysts in a Fisher (Martes pennanti)

Cited by 25 publications

References 18 publications

An update on Sarcocystis neurona infections in animals and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM)

An update on Sarcocystis neurona infections in animals and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM)

Ultrastructural and molecular confirmation of the development of Sarcocystis neurona tissue cysts in the central nervous system of southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis)

Endoparasites of American marten ( Martes americana ): Review of the literature and parasite survey of reintroduced American marten in Michigan

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