Sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris L.) ormanlarındaki silvikültürel uygulamalar için yapılmış bir meşcere sıklık diyagramı

Abstract

Aim of study: Residual stand densities are commonly defined using basal area (m 2 ha-1) (BA) and number of trees per hectare (TPH) when using even-aged silvicultural methods such as clearcutting and shelterwood methods in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests. However, it has been stated that absolute density measures such as BA and TPH are not the most useful indexes because growing space at a given BA or TPH varies with average tree diameter. Therefore, silvicultural management tools such as stocking charts (SC) and density management diagrams (DMD) have seemed to be more useful when allocating growing space to achieve a broad range of silvicultural objectives in even-aged stands. Given the importance of stand density on the regeneration success and growth of Scots pine, and given the shortages of absolute density measures (i.e. BA and TPH), a density diagram would be a useful tool for this tree species as well. Thus, in this study, a stand stocking diagram (SD) was developed for Scots pine stands. Material and Methods: Two published equations developed from open grown Scots pine trees, and from normal Scots pine stands were utilized to determine the minimum density of full site occupancy and the average maximum density, respectively. The form of the diagram follows Gingrich stocking chart. Main results: The A-line on the diagram represents the average maximum density where trees, on average, have the minimum growing space needed to survive. The B-line represents the lowest density where canopy closure can occur and is the minimum stocking necessary for full site occupancy or canopy closure. Consistent with a published Scots pine DMD, there is biological relevance and utility to the stocking diagram created in this study. Highlights: With the stocking diagram presented in this paper, regeneration and tending applications will be more practical in Scots pine forests because available growing space will be well-determined and utilized using the diagram.

Effects of environmental factors and forest management on landscape-scale forest storm damage in Turkey

“…Since Turkish forestry's main agenda has primarily been economic gain, the predominantly coniferous (Corsican, red, Scots pines; firs, spruce, cedar) species, although indigenous to the regions, are favored for their quick turnover and high yield. This approach, most of the time, leads to pure even-aged stand structures (Kara 2018) and higher susceptibility to windstorms. Thus, it would be wise to think that uneven-aged stand formation either pure or mixed compositions would be better able to withstand storm damage (Pukkala et al 2016;Valinger and Fridman 2011).…”

FOREST EDGE EFFECTS ON SEEDLINGS IN MIXED ORIENTAL BEECH (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) - SCOTS PINE (Pinus sylvestris L.) STANDS

“…The sustainability of these mixed forests is possible through the successful regeneration of these tree species. Oriental beech is known to be a shade tolerant species, while Scots pine is intolerant to shade (Kara, 2018a(Kara, , 2018b. Mixed Oriental beech-Scots pine stands have been commonly managed using traditional shelterwood method in Turkey (Odabaşı et al, 2004).…”