SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant Pathogenesis and Host Response in Syrian Hamsters

Mohandas, Sreelekshmy; Yadav, Pragya D; Shete, Anita; Nyayanit, Dimpal A; Sapkal, Gajanan; Lole, Kavita S.; Gupta, Nivedita

doi:10.3390/v13091773

Cited by 49 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In addition to protection against disease, another concern was to determine whether reinfection with VOCs resulted in SARS-CoV-2 shedding, which would raise the possibility that asymptomatic reinfected individuals might transmit VOCs. In this regard, hamsters reinfected with VOCs were indeed shown to shed SARS-CoV-2 for a number of days [ 8 , 14 , 16 ]. However, transmission studies performed in cats indicated that infected animals did not shed enough virus for transmission to cohoused naïve sentinel cats [ 17 ].…”

Section: Animal Models To Study Vocsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies in mice, hamsters, and NHPs show that animals previously infected or vaccinated against lineage A SARS-CoV-2 (for example, the original Wuhan strain) [7] are protected against challenge with homologous as well as heterologous virus strains including the alpha (B.1.1.7), beta (B.1.351), gamma (B.1.1.28.1), and delta (B.1.617.2) VOCs [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. In the NHP model, however, more viral breakthroughs were observed following beta VOC challenge as compared with homologous WA1/2020 challenge [12,15].…”

Section: Vaccine Cross-protection and Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances and gaps in SARS-CoV-2 infection models

et al. 2022

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The global response to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now facing new challenges such as vaccine inequity and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs). Preclinical models of disease, in particular animal models, are essential to investigate VOC pathogenesis, vaccine correlates of protection and postexposure therapies. Here, we provide an update from the World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 modeling expert group (WHO-COM) assembled by WHO, regarding advances in preclinical models. In particular, we discuss how animal model research is playing a key role to evaluate VOC virulence, transmission and immune escape, and how animal models are being refined to recapitulate COVID-19 demographic variables such as comorbidities and age.

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Section: Animal Models To Study Vocsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vaccine Cross-protection and Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and gaps in SARS-CoV-2 infection models

et al. 2022

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“…Clinical signs of infection in the hamster model include weight loss, ruffled fur and laboured breathing, while pathological analyses reveal moderate to severe inflammatory lesions within the upper and lower respiratory tract [16][17][18][19][20][21] . These readouts offer improved discriminatory power for assessment of countermeasure efficacy and virus pathogenicity and have been effectively applied to the assessment of therapeutics [22][23][24] , vaccines [25][26][27] and variants of concern [28][29][30][31][32] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convalescence from prototype SARS-CoV-2 protects Syrian hamsters from disease caused by the Omicron variant

Ryan¹,

Watson²,

Bewley³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The mutation profile of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant poses a concern for naturally acquired and vaccine-induced immunity. We investigated the ability of prior infection with an early SARS-CoV-2, 99.99% identical to Wuhan-Hu-1, to protect against disease caused by the Omicron variant. We established that infection with Omicron in naive Syrian hamsters resulted in a less severe disease than a comparable dose of prototype SARS-CoV-2 (Australia/VIC01/2020), with fewer clinical signs and less weight loss. We present data to show that these clinical observations were almost absent in convalescent hamsters challenged with the same dose of Omicron 50 days after an initial infection with Australia/VIC01/2020. The data provide evidence for immunity raised against prototype SARS-CoV-2 being protective against Omicron in the Syrian hamster model. Further investigation is required to conclusively determine whether Omicron is less pathogenic in Syrian hamsters and whether this is predictive of pathogenicity in humans.

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“…After intranasal infection, Syrian hamsters consistently show signs of respiratory distress, including labored breathing, but typically recover after 2 weeks [15]. This is in stark contrast to wild-type laboratory mice that are minimally susceptible to most SARS-CoV-2 strains that were circulating in 2020, though laboratory mice may be more susceptible to certain variants of concern that began circulating in 2021 [8,16]. Furthermore, a recent analysis has suggested that Syrian hamsters fed a high-fat, high-sugar diet exhibit accelerated weight gain and pathological changes in lipid metabolism, as well as more severe disease outcomes when subsequently infected with SARS-CoV-2 [17].…”

Section: Data Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of a new chromosome-scale, long-read reference genome assembly for the Syrian hamster, Mesocricetus auratus

Harris

Raveendran

Lyfoung³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background The Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) has been suggested as a useful mammalian model for a variety of diseases and infections, including infection with respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2. The MesAur1.0 genome assembly was published in 2013 using whole-genome shotgun sequencing with short-read sequence data. Current more advanced sequencing technologies and assembly methods now permit the generation of near-complete genome assemblies with higher quality and higher continuity. Findings Here, we report an improved assembly of the M. auratus genome (BCM_Maur_2.0) using Oxford Nanopore Technologies long-read sequencing to produce a chromosome-scale assembly. The total length of the new assembly is 2.46 Gbp, similar to the 2.50 Gbp length of a previous assembly of this genome, MesAur1.0. BCM_Maur_2.0 exhibits significantly improved continuity with a scaffold N50 that is 6.7 times greater than MesAur1.0. Furthermore, 21,616 protein coding genes and 10,459 noncoding genes were annotated in BCM_Maur_2.0 compared to 20,495 protein coding genes and 4,168 noncoding genes in MesAur1.0. This new assembly also improves the unresolved regions as measured by nucleotide ambiguities, where approximately 17.11% of bases in MesAur1.0 were unresolved compared to BCM_Maur_2.0 in which the number of unresolved bases is reduced to 3.00%. Conclusions Access to a more complete reference genome with improved accuracy and continuity will facilitate more detailed, comprehensive, and meaningful research results for a wide variety of future studies using Syrian hamsters as models.

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SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant Pathogenesis and Host Response in Syrian Hamsters

Cited by 49 publications

References 35 publications

Advances and gaps in SARS-CoV-2 infection models

Advances and gaps in SARS-CoV-2 infection models

Convalescence from prototype SARS-CoV-2 protects Syrian hamsters from disease caused by the Omicron variant

Construction of a new chromosome-scale, long-read reference genome assembly for the Syrian hamster, Mesocricetus auratus

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