SARS-CoV-2 Natural Antibody Response Persists for at Least 12 Months in a Nationwide Study From the Faroe Islands

Petersen, Maria Skaalum; Hansen, Cecilie Bo; Kristiansen, Marnar Fríheim; Fjallsbak, Jógvan Páll; Larsen, Sólrun; Hansen, Jóhanna Ljósá; Jarlhelt, Ida; Pérez‐Alós, Laura; Steig, Bjarni á; Christiansen, Debes H.; Møller, Lars; Strøm, Marin; Andorsdóttir, Guðrið; Gaïni, Shahin; Weihe, Pál; Garred, Peter

doi:10.1093/ofid/ofab378

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…All participants who were identified as seropositive 2 months after the outbreak (n = 34) maintained the seropositivity for 6 months after the confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. This result is in agreement with many other studies demonstrating the persistence of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies for at least 6 months after infection [9,12,13,15,16,21,27]. More than one third of seropositive individuals had virus-specific IgM along with IgG, which indicates that IgM may persist for 6 months, thus providing additional confirmation that IgM is not a suitable marker for identifying early infection due to expected high falsepositivity for previously infected individuals [9,11,18].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…A significant increase in virus-specific antibody levels is observed at days 16-35 after the onset of symptoms [4,[7][8][9][10]. Some studies have reported that antibody levels peak within the first few months, then wane and remain stable for several months, indicating that the immunity may last longer [4,8,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Other studies suggest that the levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG are durable and decline after 6-8 months while the number of memory B cells increases within 8 months after infection [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persistence of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibodies for 13 Months after Infection

Kučinskaitė-Kodzė

Simanavičius

Šimaitis³

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Background: Dynamics of antibody responses were investigated after a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in a private company during the first wave of the pandemic. Methods: Workers of a sewing company (Lithuania) with known SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR result during the outbreak (April 2020) were invited to participate in the study. Virus-specific IgG and IgM were monitored 2, 6 and 13 months after the outbreak via rapid IgG/IgM serological test and SARS-CoV-2 S protein-specific IgG ELISA. Results: Six months after the outbreak, 95% (CI 86–99%) of 59 previously infected individuals had virus-specific antibodies irrespective of the severity of infection. One-third of seropositive individuals had virus-specific IgM along with IgG indicating that IgM may persist for 6 months. Serological testing 13 months after the outbreak included 47 recovered individuals that remained non-vaccinated despite a wide accessibility of COVID-19 vaccines. The seropositivity rate was 83% (CI 69–91%) excluding one case of confirmed asymptomatic reinfection in this group. Between months 6 and 13, IgG levels either declined or remained stable in 31 individual and increased in 7 individuals possibly indicating an exposure to SARS-CoV-2 during the second wave of the pandemic. Conclusions: Detectable levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies persist up to 13 months after infection for the majority of the cases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibodies for 13 Months after Infection

Kučinskaitė-Kodzė

Simanavičius

Šimaitis³

et al. 2021

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Most other recent National‐level studies with multiple serological assessment campaigns use a cross‐sectional, rather than a longitudinal design [ 27 , 41 ‐ 43 ]. One recent study with a longitudinal design was conducted in the Faroe Islands [ 44 ], with results comparable to what we present here, especially in terms of two phases of decay and long duration of antibody positivity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Longitudinal SARS‐CoV‐2 seroprevalence in Portugal and antibody maintenance 12 months after infection

et al. 2021

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During the COVID‐19 pandemic, Portugal has experienced three distinct SARS‐CoV‐2 infection waves. We previously documented the prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 immunity, measured by specific antibodies, in September 2020, 6 months after the initial moderate wave. Here, we show the seroprevalence changes 6 months later, up to the second week of March 2021, shortly following the third wave, which was one of the most severe in the world, and 2 months following the start of the vaccination campaign. A longitudinal epidemiological study was conducted, with a stratified quota sample of the Portuguese population. Serological testing was performed, including ELISA determination of antibody class and titers. The proportion of seropositives, which was 2.2% in September 2020, rose sharply to 17.3% (95% CI: 15.8–18.8%) in March 2021. Importantly, circulating IgG and IgA antibody levels were very stable 6 months after the initial determination and up to a year after initial infection, indicating long‐lasting infection immunity against SARS‐CoV‐2. Moreover, vaccinated people had higher IgG levels from 3 weeks post‐vaccination when compared with previously infected people at the same time post‐infection.

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“…Recent longitudinal studies aimed at investigating the duration of humoral immune response in COVID-19-recovered individuals reported similar decay kinetics. Overall, the decline appears to occur up to 7-9 months while it is thereafter stabilized at least until 12 months [19,[22][23][24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Persistence of Neutralizing Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in First Wave Infected Individuals at Ten Months Post-Infection: The UnIRSA Cohort Study

Griffante

Chandel

Ferrante

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Longitudinal mapping of antibody-based SARS-CoV-2 immunity is critical for public health control of the pandemic and vaccine development. We performed a longitudinal analysis of the antibody-based immune response in a cohort of 100 COVID-19 individuals who were infected during the first wave of infection in northern Italy. The SARS-CoV-2 humoral response was tested using the COVID-SeroIndex, Kantaro Quantitative SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibody RUO Kit (R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, USA) and pseudotype-based neutralizing antibody assay. Using sequential serum samples collected from 100 COVID-19 recovered individuals from northern Italy—mostly with mild disease—at 2 and 10 months after their first positive PCR test, we show that 93% of them seroconverted at 2 months, with a geometric mean (GeoMean) half-maximal neutralization titer (NT50) of 387.9. Among the 35 unvaccinated subjects retested at 10 months, 7 resulted seronegative, with an 80% drop in seropositivity, while 28 showed decreased anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) and anti-spike (S) IgG titers, with a GeoMean NT50 neutralization titer dropping to 163.5. As an NT50 > 100 is known to confer protection from SARS-CoV-2 re-infection, our data show that the neutralizing activity elicited by the natural infection has lasted for at least 10 months in a large fraction of subjects.

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SARS-CoV-2 Natural Antibody Response Persists for at Least 12 Months in a Nationwide Study From the Faroe Islands

Cited by 19 publications

References 7 publications

Persistence of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibodies for 13 Months after Infection

Persistence of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibodies for 13 Months after Infection

Longitudinal SARS‐CoV‐2 seroprevalence in Portugal and antibody maintenance 12 months after infection

Persistence of Neutralizing Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in First Wave Infected Individuals at Ten Months Post-Infection: The UnIRSA Cohort Study

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