SARS-CoV-2 shedding sources in wastewater and implications for wastewater-based epidemiology

Li, Xuan; Kulandaivelu, Jagadeeshkumar; Guo, Ying; Zhang, Shuxin; Shi, Jiahua; O’Brien, Jake; Arora, Sudipti; Kumar, Manish; Sherchan, Samendra P.; Honda, Ryo; Jackson, Greg; Luby, Stephen P.; Jiang, Guangming

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128667

Cited by 46 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Another limitation of the model is that it considers the shedding of viral RNA only through feces, and recent studies have shown other important pathways of contribution, such as sputum [69] . As SARS-CoV-2 is an infectious respiratory virus, it is mainly detected in respiratory tract samples (70–100%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As SARS-CoV-2 is an infectious respiratory virus, it is mainly detected in respiratory tract samples (70–100%). According to Li et al [69] , release of sputum into sewers can increase the concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragments in sewage samples by up to 70 times. However, this source has not been considered in previous studies on prevalence modeling.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wastewater-based epidemiology: A Brazilian SARS-COV-2 surveillance experience

Bueno

Claro

Augusto

et al. 2022

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wastewater-based epidemiology: A Brazilian SARS-COV-2 surveillance experience

Bueno

Claro

Augusto

et al. 2022

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering

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“…The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted March 6, 2023. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.03.02.23286683 doi: medRxiv preprint with the emergence of new variants and limited COVID-19 testing. Our study demonstrates how genomic surveillance of sewage water from on-campus STP can be utilised for detection, monitoring, and evaluation of the spread of SARS-CoV-2, which effectively helps to take decisions for the protection against SARS-CoV-2 in academic institutes/universities as documented by Betancourt et al, 2021;Corchis-Scottet al, 2021;Gibas C et al, 2021;Kantor et al, 2022;Karthikeyan et al, 2021;Mangwana et al, 2022;Wang et al, 2022;and Vo et al, 2022 across the world. Several studies have revealed the detection of SARS-CoV-2 from wastewater in India (Arora et al, 2022;Dharmadhikari et al, 2022;Joshi et al, 2022). However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study from the country to use the WBE technique to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 on an academic campus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Campus Sewage Water Surveillance based dynamics and infection trends of SARS-CoV-2 variants during third wave of COVID-19 in Pune, India

Malik

Rajput

Pramanik

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) of SARS-CoV-2 is a quick and cost-effective method of tracking virus transmission. However, few studies reported on campus or in academic or residential settings worldwide. In this study, we demonstrated the WBE approach to detect, monitor, and evaluate genomic variants of SARS-CoV-2 fragments in a sewage treatment plant (STP) located on the campus of CSIR National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India. Herein we describe the early warning capability of WBE, with viral load rise in campus sewage water up to 14 days before its clinical detection. This was supported further by a significant correlation between SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration and clinically reported COVID-19 cases on campus. Additionally, we comprehended the probable targets missed by the quantitative qRT-PCR using amplicon-based sequencing due to low viral load. The analysis revealed the presence of signature mutations of the Omicron (S:N679K, S:N764K, S:D796Y, N:P13L, ORF1a:T3255I, ORF1a:K856R, ORF1a:P3395H, and N:S413R) before the lineage was first detected globally. Further, we used Lineage decomposition (LCS) tool to detect the Variant of Concern (VOC)/Variant of Interest (VOI) signals upto a month earlier in sewage water samples. The analysis also indicated the transition of lineage from Delta to Omicron in late Decemeber,2021. This is the first study in India highlighting the use of on-campus STP to evaluate the local spread of SARS-CoV-2, which could aid in preventing COVID-19 in academic institutes/universities. This study proves the usefulness of WBE as an early warning system for detecting, tracking and tracing VOCs using the sequencing approach. The current study could aid in taking critical decisions to tackle the pandemic scenario on campus.HighlightsThe first study on campus sewage water for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in IndiaEarly detection of Omicron VOC signals during early November 2021Sequencing revealed the presence of Omicron VOC fragments prior to clinical cases reported on campusGenomic analysis indicated transition of Delta to Omicron lineage in late December 2021 and potentially led to the third waveCombining qRT-PCR and sequencing could be useful for on-campus tracking of variants using wastewater surveillance

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“…For example, a recent SARS-CoV-2 study identified viral RNA in washbasin and shower siphons of households containing known COVID-19 cases, 54 and modeling has suggested that sputum can be a major source of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater. 55 Although the ability of WBE to detect biomarkers predominantly present in nonurinary/fecal sources is an area requiring more attention, it would seem likely that the detection of such biomarkers will be influenced by the scale of the monitoring, with community-level monitoring less likely to detect these biomarkers compared with neighborhood- or building-level monitoring. Indeed, modeling for SARS-CoV-2 has suggested that at the building scale, contributions from either feces, urine, saliva, or sputum could dominate with respect to viral contribution to the wastewater network.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Framework for Public Health Authorities to Evaluate Health Determinants for Wastewater-Based Epidemiology

Eaton

Coxon

Pattis

et al. 2022

Environ Health Perspect

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Background: Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is rapidly developing as a powerful public health tool. It can provide information about a wide range of health determinants (HDs), including community exposure to environmental hazards, trends in consumption of licit and illicit substances, spread of infectious diseases, and general community health. As such, the list of possible candidate HDs for WBE is almost limitless. Consequently, a means to evaluate and prioritize suitable candidates for WBE is useful, particularly for public health authorities, who often face resource constraints. Objectives: We have developed a framework to assist public health authorities to decide what HDs may be appropriate for WBE and what biomarkers could be used. This commentary reflects the experience of the authors, who work at the interface of research and public health implementation. Discussion: To be suitable for WBE, a candidate HD should address a public health or scientific issue that would benefit from better understanding at the population level. For HDs where information on individual exposures or stratification by population subgroups is required, WBE is less suitable. Where other methodologies are already used to monitor the candidate HD, consideration must be given to whether WBE could provide better or complementary information to the current approach. An essential requirement of WBE is a biomarker specific for the candidate HD. A biomarker in this context refers to any human-excreted chemical or biological that could act as an indicator of consumption or exposure to an environmental hazard or of the human health state. Suitable biomarkers should meet several criteria outlined in this commentary, which requires background knowledge for both the biomarker and the HD. An evaluation tree summarizing key considerations for public health authorities when assessing the suitability of candidate HDs for WBE and an example evaluation are presented. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11115

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SARS-CoV-2 shedding sources in wastewater and implications for wastewater-based epidemiology

Cited by 46 publications

References 77 publications

Wastewater-based epidemiology: A Brazilian SARS-COV-2 surveillance experience

Wastewater-based epidemiology: A Brazilian SARS-COV-2 surveillance experience

Campus Sewage Water Surveillance based dynamics and infection trends of SARS-CoV-2 variants during third wave of COVID-19 in Pune, India

A Framework for Public Health Authorities to Evaluate Health Determinants for Wastewater-Based Epidemiology

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