SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibody Profiles Distinguish Patients with Moderate from Severe COVID-19

Mata, Leire de Campos; Piñero, Janet; Vaquero, Sonia Tejedor; Tachó-Piñot, Roser; Kuksin, Maria; Aldea, Itziar Arrieta; Melero, Natalia Rodrigo; Carolis, Carlo; Furlong, Laura I.; Cerutti, Andrea; Villar-García, Judit; Magri, Giuliana

doi:10.1101/2020.12.18.20248461

Cited by 8 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Additionally, we found that PCs produced many inflammatory factors. Because RBD-specific IgG1 and IgG3 dominate the humoral response against SARS-CoV-2 infection and are positively associated with inflammation (64), future studies should address the roles of metabolic adaptations in PCs in the promotion of IgG1 production and the exacerbation of the disease. In memory B cells, we identified several potential genes related to OXPHOS that may facilitate the differentiation of memory B cells into plasma cells in COVID-19 patients, especially those with severe disease (52).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Analysis of the Immunometabolic Rewiring and Immunopathogenesis of Coronavirus Disease 2019

Zhang

Huang³

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

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Although immune dysfunction is a key feature of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the metabolism-related mechanisms remain elusive. Here, by reanalyzing single-cell RNA sequencing data, we delineated metabolic remodeling in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to elucidate the metabolic mechanisms that may lead to the progression of severe COVID-19. After scoring the metabolism-related biological processes and signaling pathways, we found that mono-CD14+ cells expressed higher levels of glycolysis-related genes (PKM, LDHA and PKM) and PPP-related genes (PGD and TKT) in severe patients than in mild patients. These genes may contribute to the hyperinflammation in mono-CD14+ cells of patients with severe COVID-19. The mono-CD16+ cell population in COVID-19 patients showed reduced transcription levels of genes related to lysine degradation (NSD1, KMT2E, and SETD2) and elevated transcription levels of genes involved in OXPHOS (ATP6V1B2, ATP5A1, ATP5E, and ATP5B), which may inhibit M2-like polarization. Plasma cells also expressed higher levels of the OXPHOS gene ATP13A3 in COVID-19 patients, which was positively associated with antibody secretion and survival of PCs. Moreover, enhanced glycolysis or OXPHOS was positively associated with the differentiation of memory B cells into plasmablasts or plasma cells. This study comprehensively investigated the metabolic features of peripheral immune cells and revealed that metabolic changes exacerbated inflammation in monocytes and promoted antibody secretion and cell survival in PCs in COVID-19 patients, especially those with severe disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Analysis of the Immunometabolic Rewiring and Immunopathogenesis of Coronavirus Disease 2019

Zhang

Huang³

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

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“…Sera were collected from whole blood, heat-inactivated at 56°C for 1 hour and stored at -20°C prior to use. ELISAs performed in this study were adapted from previously established protocols (21,33). 96-well half-area flat bottom high-bind microplates (Corning) were coated overnight at 4°C with recombinant RBD from SARS-CoV-2 WT or VOCs (a, b g and d) at 2 µg/ml in PBS.…”

Section: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies have shown that IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses are strongly induced soon after SARS-CoV-2 infection, whereas IgG2 and IgG4 subclasses are induced to a much lesser extent (10,16,21). In recovered individuals, humoral and B cell memory responses appeared to be IgG1-dominated (16,19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The mRNA-1273 Vaccine Induces Cross-Variant Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 With Distinct Profiles in Individuals With or Without Pre-Existing Immunity

et al. 2021

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mRNA-based vaccines effectively induce protective neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent of COVID-19. Yet, the kinetics and compositional patterns of vaccine-induced antibody responses to the original strain and emerging variants of concern remain largely unknown. Here we characterized serum antibody classes and subclasses targeting the spike receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 wild type and α, β, γ and δ variants in a longitudinal cohort of SARS-CoV-2 naïve and COVID-19 recovered individuals receiving the mRNA-1273 vaccine. We found that mRNA-1273 vaccine recipients developed a SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody response with a subclass profile comparable to that induced by natural infection. Importantly, these antibody responses targeted both wild type SARS-CoV-2 as well as its α, β, γ and δ variants. Following primary vaccination, individuals with pre-existing immunity showed higher induction of all antibodies but IgG3 compared to SARS-CoV-2-naïve subjects. Unlike naïve individuals, COVID-19 recovered subjects did not mount a recall antibody response upon the second vaccine dose. In these individuals, secondary immunization resulted in a slight reduction of IgG1 against the receptor-binding domain of β and γ variants. Despite the lack of recall humoral response, vaccinees with pre-existing immunity still showed higher titers of IgG1 and IgA to all variants analyzed compared to fully vaccinated naïve individuals. Our findings indicate that mRNA-1273 vaccine triggered cross-variant antibody responses with distinct profiles in vaccinees with or without pre-existing immunity and suggest that individuals with prior history of SARS-CoV-2 infection may not benefit from the second mRNA vaccine dose with the current standard regimen.

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“…N is the virus nucleocapsid protein, is highly immunogenic and abundantly expressed in vivo after the virus infects human being. S is responsible for binding the virus to the human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and its subsequent cellular uptake [3][4][5].…”

Section: Antibody Response To Sars-cov-2 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody Response against SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Implications for Diagnosis, Treatment and Vaccine Development

Mallano

Ascione

Flego

2021

International Reviews of Immunology

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Many recent studies have reported the onset of a robust antibody response to SARS-Cov-2 infection and highlighted produced antibodies' specific qualitative and quantitative aspects, relevant for developing antibody-based diagnostic and therapeutic options. in this review, firstly we will report main information acquired so far regarding the humoral response to COviD-19; we will concentrate, in particular, upon the observed levels and the kinetics, the specificity spectrum and the neutralizing potential of antibodies produced in infected patients. we will then discuss the implication of humoral response's characteristics in the development and correct use of serologic tests, as well as the efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma therapy and of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies for treating infected patients and preventing new infections. An update of the list of newly isolated specific neutralizing antibodies and suggestions for vaccine evaluation and development will be also provided .

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SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibody Profiles Distinguish Patients with Moderate from Severe COVID-19

Cited by 8 publications

References 40 publications

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Analysis of the Immunometabolic Rewiring and Immunopathogenesis of Coronavirus Disease 2019

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Analysis of the Immunometabolic Rewiring and Immunopathogenesis of Coronavirus Disease 2019

The mRNA-1273 Vaccine Induces Cross-Variant Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 With Distinct Profiles in Individuals With or Without Pre-Existing Immunity

Antibody Response against SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Implications for Diagnosis, Treatment and Vaccine Development

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