SARS-CoV-2 transmission potential and rural-urban disease burden disparities across Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi, March 2020 — May 2021

Ofori, Sylvia K.; Ogwara, Chigozie A.; Kwon, Seoyon; Hua, Xinyi; Martin, Kamryn M.; Mallhi, Arshpreet Kaur; Twum, Felix; Chowell, Gerardo; Fung, Isaac Chun-Hai

doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2022.04.006

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A modelling study that estimated the effects of 17 non-pharmaceutical interventions across two waves in seven European countries estimated that a lockdown (banning all gatherings and closing all non-essential businesses) reduced the Rt by 52% (95% CrI: 47%, 56%) [45]. Two studies in the US in 2020 found similar reductions, estimating a reduction of Rt by 51% (95% CI: 46%, 57%) after stay-at-home orders were implemented in some states [38,80]. However, another study carried out on a multi-national scale in early 2020 concluded that stay-at-home orders had a relatively small additional effect (on top of business closures, school closures and gathering restrictions that were already in place), reducing the Rt by 13% (95% prediction interval (PI): 5%, 31%) [16].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of social distancing measures and lockdowns for reducing transmission of COVID-19 in non-healthcare, community-based settings

Murphy,

Lim,

Mills

et al. 2023

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Social distancing measures (SDMs) are community-level interventions that aim to reduce person-to-person contacts in the community. SDMs were a major part of the responses first to contain, then to mitigate, the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the community. Common SDMs included limiting the size of gatherings, closing schools and/or workplaces, implementing work-from-home arrangements, or more stringent restrictions such as lockdowns. This systematic review summarized the evidence for the effectiveness of nine SDMs. Almost all of the studies included were observational in nature, which meant that there were intrinsic risks of bias that could have been avoided were conditions randomly assigned to study participants. There were no instances where only one form of SDM had been in place in a particular setting during the study period, making it challenging to estimate the separate effect of each intervention. The more stringent SDMs such as stay-at-home orders, restrictions on mass gatherings and closures were estimated to be most effective at reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Most studies included in this review suggested that combinations of SDMs successfully slowed or even stopped SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the community. However, individual effects and optimal combinations of interventions, as well as the optimal timing for particular measures, require further investigation. This article is part of the theme issue 'The effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions on the COVID-19 pandemic: the evidence'.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of social distancing measures and lockdowns for reducing transmission of COVID-19 in non-healthcare, community-based settings

Murphy,

Lim,

Mills

et al. 2023

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We also used the non-overlapping time window method to estimate the average R t for the early ascending phase for each of the COVID-19 waves. For the R t estimation, the distribution of serial interval was parametrically defined using a mean of 4.6 days and SD of 5.55 days ( Ofori et al. , 2022 ; You et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating COVID-19 transmission and mortality differences between indigenous and non-indigenous populations in Mexico

Dahal

Mamelund²,

Luo

et al. 2022

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rural populations facilitated early SARS-CoV-2 evolution and transmission in Missouri, USA

Tang,

Li,

Haynes

et al. 2023

npj Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the United States, rural populations comprise 60 million individuals and suffered from high COVID-19 disease burdens. Despite this, surveillance efforts are biased toward urban centers. Consequently, how rurally circulating SARS-CoV-2 viruses contribute toward emerging variants remains poorly understood. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of rural communities in the evolution and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during the early pandemic. We collected 544 urban and 435 rural COVID-19-positive respiratory specimens from an overall vaccine-naïve population in Southwest Missouri between July and December 2020. Genomic analyses revealed 53 SARS-CoV-2 Pango lineages in our study samples, with 14 of these lineages identified only in rural samples. Phylodynamic analyses showed that frequent bi-directional diffusions occurred between rural and urban communities in Southwest Missouri, and that four out of seven Missouri rural-origin lineages spread globally. Further analyses revealed that the nucleocapsid protein (N):R203K/G204R paired substitutions, which were detected disproportionately across multiple Pango lineages, were more associated with urban than rural sequences. Positive selection was detected at N:204 among rural samples but was not evident in urban samples, suggesting that viruses may encounter distinct selection pressures in rural versus urban communities. This study demonstrates that rural communities may be a crucial source of SARS-CoV-2 evolution and transmission, highlighting the need to expand surveillance and resources to rural populations for COVID-19 mitigation.

show abstract

SARS-CoV-2 transmission potential and rural-urban disease burden disparities across Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi, March 2020 — May 2021

Cited by 5 publications

References 39 publications

Effectiveness of social distancing measures and lockdowns for reducing transmission of COVID-19 in non-healthcare, community-based settings

Effectiveness of social distancing measures and lockdowns for reducing transmission of COVID-19 in non-healthcare, community-based settings

Investigating COVID-19 transmission and mortality differences between indigenous and non-indigenous populations in Mexico

Rural populations facilitated early SARS-CoV-2 evolution and transmission in Missouri, USA

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About