SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: current trends and prospects of developing plant-derived vaccines

Shanmugaraj, Balamurugan; Khorattanakulchai, Narach; Phoolcharoen, Waranyoo

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90248-9.00017-6

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…In this study, we have utilized plant expression system for RBD-based subunit vaccine development due to its inherent advantages including low-cost, flexibility and high scalability. Extensive studies provided a solid foundation for using plants to produce a safe and viable vaccine [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] . In addition, the recent approval by Health Canada of the plant-based Covifenz vaccine with virus-like particles (VLPs) COVID −19 developed by Medicago Inc (Québec), following the positive outcome of phase III clinical trials, has provided great promise for the future acceptance and deployment of plant-based vaccines globally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preclinical evaluation of immunogenicity, efficacy and safety of a recombinant plant-based SARS-CoV-2 RBD vaccine formulated with 3M-052-Alum adjuvant

Phoolcharoen

Shanmugaraj²,

Khorattanakulchai

et al. 2023

Vaccine

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preclinical evaluation of immunogenicity, efficacy and safety of a recombinant plant-based SARS-CoV-2 RBD vaccine formulated with 3M-052-Alum adjuvant

Phoolcharoen

Shanmugaraj²,

Khorattanakulchai

et al. 2023

Vaccine

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“…Moreover, transgenic plant cell suspension system was alternatively used for producing protein by culturing the plant cells in bioreactors, like bacterial and mammalian cells (151). The brief process of recombinant protein production in plants is shown in Figure 2 (18).…”

Section: Plant-based Recombinant Protein Production Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of plant-produced subunit vaccines to elicit the immunogenicity against SARS-CoV-2 variant viruses

Khorattanakulchai

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Since the emergence of the coronavirus pandemic in 2019 (COVID-19), the development of effective vaccines to combat the infection has accelerated worldwide. While the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with mutations in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) with high transmissibility, enhanced infectivity, and immune escape from vaccination is also predominantly emerging. Effective vaccines against variant of concern (VOC) and optimized booster vaccination strategies are thus highly required. Here, the gene encoding seven different RBD (ancestral (Wuhan), Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Kappa, Delta, and Epsilon variants) fused with the fragment crystallizable region (Fc) of human IgG1 (RBD-Fc) was constructed and cloned into the plant expression vector and produced in Nicotiana benthamiana by transient expression. Further, the immunogenicity of plant-produced variant RBD-Fc subunit vaccines was tested in cynomolgus monkeys. First, monkeys were intramuscularly immunized with prime-booster and 4-month booster dose with the Wuhan RBD-Fc vaccine (Baiya SARS-CoV-2 Vax 1) on day 0, 21, and 133. Second, each group of monkeys were intramuscularly injected thrice with different variant RBD-Fc vaccines on day 0, 21, and 42. Then, the blood samples were collected for evaluating the antigen-specific and neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Baiya SARS-CoV-2 Vax 1 immunized monkeys elicited significantly high levels of anti-RBD antibodies. Interestingly, the sera collected from 4-month booster dose monkeys showed cross-neutralizing antibody response against the SARS-CoV-2 variants; Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron. The three doses of variant RBD-Fc vaccines also elicited high levels of antigen-specific and neutralizing antibodies, especially in Delta and Epsilon vaccine groups. However, the high neutralizing activity of immunized variant vaccine sera was demonstrated specifically against the homologous variants. These findings suggested that the long-term booster dose might be helpful for protecting against further SARS-CoV-2 variants and the variant-specific vaccine might be applied as a booster or cocktail vaccine to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies. These results revealed the potential for using the plant-produced protein subunit vaccines in the fight against SARS-CoV-2.

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“…(16) Alternatively, plant expression systems have gained major interest in making recombinant proteins due to the economical production costs in upstream processes, rapid scalability employing versatile growth conditions, and pathogen-free with low contamination risks. (3,17) Nicotiana genus has been widely used in establishing a history in the production of heterologous recombinant proteins that include antibodies (18)(19)(20) , vaccines (21,22) , enzymes (23,24) , growth factors (25)(26)(27) , diagnostics (28) , anti-microbial peptides (29) and other value-added products (30) because of the ease in genome manipulation and fast growth rate. (31,32) The transient expression by agroinfiltration was adopted in plants to produce various proteins for therapeutic use.…”

Section: Chapter I Introduction 11 Rationale and Significantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor in nicotiana benthamiana

Phetphoung

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Immune checkpoint antibodies disrupt the binding of receptor-ligand pairs which regulate immune response in cancer treatment. PD-1/PD-L1 pathway has become one target of the cancer immunotherapy approaches. Atezolizumab, the first FDA-approved antibody to PD-L1 in the treatment of metastatic urothelial, non-small cell lung, small cell lung, and hepatocellular cancers, is expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell lines with several limitations,�i.e., high costs of production, limited-capacity yields, and pathogen risks. To overcome these drawbacks, the transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, which provide expandable scalability and inexpensive costs, was investigated by co-infiltration of�Agrobacterium tumefaciens�GV3101 cultures harboring Atezolizumab heavy chain and light chain in the genes of interest sites. The transient expression of Atezolizumab produced up to 86.76 micrograms/gram of fresh leaf weight after agroinfiltrated with OD 600 nm = 0.4 and 1:1 heavy chain to light chain ratio, then harvested on 6 days post-infiltration. The plant-produced anti-PD-L1 was assessed for physicochemical and functional properties compared to commercially available Tecentriq?�from CHO cells, which showed similar binding efficacies to PD-L1 receptors. In conclusion, this research provides plants with an alternative cost-effective platform for producing functional monoclonal antibodies for cancer therapy.

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SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: current trends and prospects of developing plant-derived vaccines

Cited by 8 publications

References 88 publications

Preclinical evaluation of immunogenicity, efficacy and safety of a recombinant plant-based SARS-CoV-2 RBD vaccine formulated with 3M-052-Alum adjuvant

Preclinical evaluation of immunogenicity, efficacy and safety of a recombinant plant-based SARS-CoV-2 RBD vaccine formulated with 3M-052-Alum adjuvant

Development of plant-produced subunit vaccines to elicit the immunogenicity against SARS-CoV-2 variant viruses

Production of PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor in nicotiana benthamiana

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