SARS-CoV-2 Variants: A Synopsis of In Vitro Efficacy Data of Convalescent Plasma, Currently Marketed Vaccines, and Monoclonal Antibodies

Focosi, Daniele; Tuccori, Marco; Baj, Andreina; Maggi, Fabrizio

doi:10.3390/v13071211

Cited by 36 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…In line with a recent review, the emergence of ongoing SARS‐CoV‐2 variants may potentially compromise current monoclonal antibodies and vaccine effectiveness. 90 These findings are of great importance since the immune escape of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants could confer an unpredictable threat to the whole world vaccination program, which could increase the risk of infection with mutant viruses, particularly later post decline of antibody titres.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potency of BNT162b2 and mRNA‐1273 vaccine‐induced neutralizing antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome‐CoV‐2 variants of concern: A systematic review of in vitro studies

Noori

Nejadghaderi

Arshi

et al. 2021

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Summary BNT162b2 and mRNA‐1273 are two types of mRNA‐based vaccine platforms that have received emergency use authorization. The emergence of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS‐CoV‐2) variants has raised concerns of reduced sensitivity to neutralization by their elicited antibodies. We aimed to systematically review the most recent in vitro studies evaluating the effectiveness of BNT162b2 and mRNA‐1273 induced neutralizing antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 variants of concern. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science in addition to bioRxiv and medRxiv with terms including ‘SARS‐CoV‐2’, ‘BNT162b2’, ‘mRNA‐1273’, and ‘neutralizing antibody’ up to June 29, 2021. A modified version of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) checklist was used for assessing included study quality. A total 36 in vitro studies meeting the eligibility criteria were included in this systematic review. B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), P.1 (Gamma), and B.1.617.2 (Delta) are four SARS‐CoV‐2 variants that have recently been identified as variants of concern. Included studies implemented different methods regarding pseudovirus or live virus neutralization assays for measuring neutralization titres against utilized viruses. After two dose vaccination by BNT162b2 or mRNA‐1273, the B.1.351 variant had the least sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies, while B.1.1.7 variant had the most sensitivity; that is, it was better neutralized relative to the comparator strain. P.1 and B.1.617.2 variants had an intermediate level of impaired naturalization activity of antibodies elicited by prior vaccination. Our review suggests that immune sera derived from vaccinated individuals might show reduced protection of individuals immunized with mRNA vaccines against more recent SARS‐CoV‐2 variants of concern.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potency of BNT162b2 and mRNA‐1273 vaccine‐induced neutralizing antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome‐CoV‐2 variants of concern: A systematic review of in vitro studies

Noori

Nejadghaderi

Arshi

et al. 2021

Reviews in Medical Virology

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“…To date, the extent to which the N501Y mutation challenges established immunity remains under debate. Several studies have shown that the N501Y compromises neutralization by many mAbs (37,38), but polyclonal convalescent and vaccine sera remain, for the (39). It also needs to be taken into account that while the N501Y is the only RBD mutation in the B.1.1.7 variant, the latter carries other changes in the spike protein-such as deletions in the NTD-that may contribute to its immune evasion properties (40,41).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Effects of Receptor-Binding Domain Mutations of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 and P.1 Variants

et al. 2021

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The recent identification and rise to dominance of the P.1 and B.1.351 SARS-CoV-2 variants have brought international concern because they may confer fitness advantages. The same three positions in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) are affected in both variants, but where the 417 substitution differs, the E484K/N501Y have co-evolved by convergent evolution. Here we characterize the functional and immune evasive consequences of the P.1 and B.1.351 RBD mutations. E484K and N501Y result in gain-of-function with two different outcomes: The N501Y confers a ten-fold affinity increase towards ACE-2, but a modest antibody evasion potential of plasma from convalescent or vaccinated individuals, whereas the E484K displays a significant antibody evasion capacity without a major impact on affinity. On the other hand, the two different 417 substitutions severely impair the RBD/ACE-2 affinity, but in the combined P.1 and B.1.351 RBD variants, this effect is partly counterbalanced by the effect of the E484K and N501Y. Our results suggest that the combination of these three mutations is a two-step forward and one step back in terms of viral fitness.

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“…( 3 , 9 ). At the same time, some significant VOIs are circulating in different parts of the world, which are B.1.526, B.1.525, P.2, P.3, B.1.617.1 ( 3 , 10 ). Several mutations have been observed among VOI, and some common mutations are K417T/N, E484K, L452R, N501Y, P681R and D614G.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Detailed Overview of Immune Escape, Antibody Escape, Partial Vaccine Escape of SARS-CoV-2 and Their Emerging Variants With Escape Mutations

et al. 2022

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The infective SARS-CoV-2 is more prone to immune escape. Presently, the significant variants of SARS-CoV-2 are emerging in due course of time with substantial mutations, having the immune escape property. Simultaneously, the vaccination drive against this virus is in progress worldwide. However, vaccine evasion has been noted by some of the newly emerging variants. Our review provides an overview of the emerging variants’ immune escape and vaccine escape ability. We have illustrated a broad view related to viral evolution, variants, and immune escape ability. Subsequently, different immune escape approaches of SARS-CoV-2 have been discussed. Different innate immune escape strategies adopted by the SARS-CoV-2 has been discussed like, IFN-I production dysregulation, cytokines related immune escape, immune escape associated with dendritic cell function and macrophages, natural killer cells and neutrophils related immune escape, PRRs associated immune evasion, and NLRP3 inflammasome associated immune evasion. Simultaneously we have discussed the significant mutations related to emerging variants and immune escape, such as mutations in the RBD region (N439K, L452R, E484K, N501Y, K444R) and other parts (D614G, P681R) of the S-glycoprotein. Mutations in other locations such as NSP1, NSP3, NSP6, ORF3, and ORF8 have also been discussed. Finally, we have illustrated the emerging variants’ partial vaccine (BioNTech/Pfizer mRNA/Oxford-AstraZeneca/BBIBP-CorV/ZF2001/Moderna mRNA/Johnson & Johnson vaccine) escape ability. This review will help gain in-depth knowledge related to immune escape, antibody escape, and partial vaccine escape ability of the virus and assist in controlling the current pandemic and prepare for the next.

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SARS-CoV-2 Variants: A Synopsis of In Vitro Efficacy Data of Convalescent Plasma, Currently Marketed Vaccines, and Monoclonal Antibodies

Cited by 36 publications

References 111 publications

Potency of BNT162b2 and mRNA‐1273 vaccine‐induced neutralizing antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome‐CoV‐2 variants of concern: A systematic review of in vitro studies

Potency of BNT162b2 and mRNA‐1273 vaccine‐induced neutralizing antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome‐CoV‐2 variants of concern: A systematic review of in vitro studies

Functional Effects of Receptor-Binding Domain Mutations of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 and P.1 Variants

A Detailed Overview of Immune Escape, Antibody Escape, Partial Vaccine Escape of SARS-CoV-2 and Their Emerging Variants With Escape Mutations

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