SARS-CoV2 Induced Biochemical Mechanisms in Liver Damage and Intestinal Lesions.

Abstract

Introduction. Multiple pathogenic mechanisms are found in SARS-CoV2 systemic inflammation. Oxidative stress, altered proteolysis, hypercoagulation, and metabolic disorders are significant in virus-induced lesions. The study aimed to investigate the biochemical mechanism of virus-induced disorders and determine the biochemical features in SARS-CoV2-associated liver damage and intestine lesions. Methods. A retrospective case series of ninety-two patients diagnosed with COVID-19. The ACE, α1-proteinase inhibitor, trypsin-like proteinase, and elastase activity were measured by FAPGG hydrolysis. Nitrites level was detected in reaction with Griess reagent. The ELISA kit measured Troponin, C-peptide, leptin, adiponectin, PAR4, and neuropilin level. Results. ACE activity and nitrites ions content increase in SARS-CoV2 pneumonia. The hyperglycemia with an increase in adipose tissue-derived hormones is specific for virus-induced disorders and affects the development of unfavorable outcomes. Cardiac failure was detected in patients with ARDS. AH patients with COVID-19 had more pronounced hyperglycemia and increased ACE activity and NO ions level. Activation of proteolysis was revealed in SARS-CoV2 pneumonia. The found molecular event was accompanied by hyperglycemia induction. Liver damage was specific for patients co-infected with COVID-19 with severe ARDS and heart failure. But the intestinal lesions were associated with the proteolysis activation. The obtained data shows the prevalence of the neuropilin-dependent axis in damage of the intestine with more pronounced inflammation. Growth in adipose tissue hormones, nitrites, and neuropilin levels is triggered by prolonged inflammation. Conclusions. The impaired metabolism, SARS-CoV2 associated hyperglycemia influence on SARS-CoV2 multiple mechanisms of virus invasion. Gastrointestinal manifestations in SARS-CoV2 infection are related to various and varied tools. ACE2 receptors axis is prevalent for liver damage, but NRP-1 protein (neuropilin), NO derivatives, and adipose tissue-derived hormones are essential for intestinal lesions.