Sartan blood pressure regulators in classical and biofilm wastewater treatment – Concentrations and metabolism

Li, Rui; Liang, Chuanzhou; Svendsen, Sif B.; Kisielius, Vaidotas; Bester, Kai

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2022.119352

Cited by 20 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…To the best of our knowledge, we report here the detection of irbesartan metabolites M1 (Level 2b), M3 (Level 2b) and M4 (Level 2b) in wastewater for the first time. In addition, metabolite M5 (Level 2b), which was previously detected in wastewater effluent, and metabolites M6 (Level 3) and SR49498 (Level 2b), which were previously detected in wastewater influent, were identified. The highest concentrations were found for metabolite M5 in Altenrhein samples, amounting to over 1000 ng/L.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

How Wastewater Reflects Human Metabolism─Suspect Screening of Pharmaceutical Metabolites in Wastewater Influent

Meyer,

Stravs,

Hollender

2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Pharmaceuticals and their human metabolites are contaminants of emerging concern in the aquatic environment. Most monitoring studies focus on a limited set of parent compounds and even fewer metabolites. However, more than 50% of the most consumed pharmaceuticals are excreted in higher amounts as metabolites than as parents, as confirmed by a literature analysis within this study. Hence, we applied a wide-scope suspect screening approach to identify human pharmaceutical metabolites in wastewater influent from three Swiss treatment plants. Based on consumption amounts and human metabolism data, a suspect list comprising 268 parent compounds and over 1500 metabolites was compiled. Online solid phase extraction combined with liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze the samples. Data processing, annotation, and structure elucidation were achieved with various tools, including molecular networking as well as SIRIUS/CSI:FingerID and MetFrag for MS2 spectra rationalization. We confirmed 37 metabolites with reference standards and 16 by human liver S9 incubation experiments. More than 25 metabolites were detected for the first time in influent wastewater. Semiquantification with MS2Quant showed that metabolite to parent concentration ratios were generally lower compared to literature expectations, probably due to further metabolite transformation in the sewer system or limitations in the metabolite detection. Nonetheless, metabolites pose a large fraction to the total pharmaceutical contribution in wastewater, highlighting the need for metabolite inclusion in chemical risk assessment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

How Wastewater Reflects Human Metabolism─Suspect Screening of Pharmaceutical Metabolites in Wastewater Influent

Meyer,

Stravs,

Hollender

2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…An approximately 10 −5 M solution of irbesartan, a concentration comparable to that at which emerging micropollutants are detected in the environment, was used to monitor (via HPLC) the main disinfection byproducts formed during a 30 min reaction carried out at room temperature and at a concentration of approximately 10-20 mg/L of the active chlorine solution, constituting conditions close to those of a typical wastewater treatment plant [25,26]. Three chlorination tests, with irbesartan solutions always in the range of 10 −5 M, qualitatively provided the same degradation pattern.…”

Section: Chlorination Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Newly Discovered Irbesartan Disinfection Byproducts via Chlorination: Investigating Potential Environmental Toxicity

et al. 2023

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Irbesartan belongs to the Sartan family, whose members are used in the treatment of arterial hypertension and kidney disease among patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus as part of a treatment based on antihypertensive drugs. This drug has reached surface waters, accumulating to the extent of being considered an emerging pollutant, along with other substances from the same class. Wastewater treatment plants, which constitute the main environmental source of this compound, fail to completely reduce its presence in wastewater and generate additional toxic byproducts through the chlorine-based disinfection process. This study provides a comprehensive investigation into the chlorination mechanisms of irbesartan, revealing the identity of twelve new byproducts, which were characterized using NMR and mass spectrometry (MS-TOF). The other six byproducts were published in a previous study, allowing for the confirmation of some aspects of the supposed mechanisms of degradation, along with the identification of those that had only been hypothesized. An ecotoxicological assessment of a mixture and isolated byproducts was performed using Raphidocelis subcapitata for algal growth inhibition, Daphnia magna for immobility, and Aliivibrio fischeri for luminescence inhibition. The results revealed the variable toxicity of irbesartan and its byproducts. Different organisms exhibited varying sensitivities to the byproducts, with Aliivibrio fischeri being the most sensitive. The coexistence of multiple byproducts in the environment, their high toxicity, and their potential interactions highlight the significant environmental risks associated with chlorination and its derivates. Our study highlights the ongoing debate surrounding the generation of disinfection byproducts.

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“…So, it's essential to know how different types of chemical reactions work together to make suitable atherosclerosis treatments. The articles [1][2][3] are helpful to understand these concepts in this regard. Vaidya et al 4 presented the theory of how blood flows through small arteries using a mixture called MHD Bingham fluid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal transport exploration of ternary hybrid nanofluid flow in a non-Newtonian model with homogeneous-heterogeneous chemical reactions induced by vertical cylinder

Hussain Shah,

Ayub,

Khan

et al. 2024

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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Studying the combination of convection and chemical processes in blood flow can have significant applications like understanding physiological processes, drug delivery, biomedical devices, and cardiovascular diseases, and implications for various fields can lead to developing new treatments, devices, and models. This research paper investigates the combined effect of convection, heterogeneous-homogeneous chemical processes, and shear rate on the flow behavior of a ternary hybrid Carreau bio-nanofluid passing through a stenosed artery. The ternary hybrid Carreau bio-nanofluid consists of three different types of nanoparticles dispersed in a Carreau fluid model, miming the non-Newtonian behavior of blood. This assumed study generates a system of PDEs that are processed with similarity transformation and converted into ODEs. Furthermore, these ODEs are solved with bvp4c. The results show that the convection, heterogeneous-homogeneous chemical processes, and shear rate significantly impact the bio-nano fluid’s flow behavior and the stenosed artery’s heat transfer characteristics.

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Sartan blood pressure regulators in classical and biofilm wastewater treatment – Concentrations and metabolism

Cited by 20 publications

References 52 publications

How Wastewater Reflects Human Metabolism─Suspect Screening of Pharmaceutical Metabolites in Wastewater Influent

How Wastewater Reflects Human Metabolism─Suspect Screening of Pharmaceutical Metabolites in Wastewater Influent

Newly Discovered Irbesartan Disinfection Byproducts via Chlorination: Investigating Potential Environmental Toxicity

Thermal transport exploration of ternary hybrid nanofluid flow in a non-Newtonian model with homogeneous-heterogeneous chemical reactions induced by vertical cylinder

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