Summary
βγ-crystallins are long-lived eye lens proteins that are crucial for lens transparency and refractive power. Each βγ-crystallin comprises two homologous domains, which are connected by a short linker. γ-crystallins are monomeric, while β-crystallins crystallize as dimers and multimers. In the crystal, human βB2-crystallin is a domain-swapped dimer, while the N-terminally truncated βB1-crystallin forms a face-en-face dimer. Combining and integrating data from multi-angle light scattering, NMR and small angle X-ray scattering of full-length and terminally truncated human βB2-crystallin in solution, we show that both these βB2-crystallin proteins are dimeric, possess C2 symmetry, and are more compact than domain-swapped dimers. Importantly, no intermolecular paramagnetic relaxation enhancement effects compatible with domain-swapping were detected. Our collective experimental results unambiguously demonstrate that, in solution, human βB2-crystallin is not domain-swapped and exhibits a face-en-face dimer structure similar to the crystal structure of truncated βB1-crystallin.