Satellite observations indicate substantial spatiotemporal variability in biomass burning NO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;x&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; emission factors for South America

Castellanos, Patricia; Boersma, K. Folkert; Werf, Guido R. van der

doi:10.5194/acp-14-3929-2014

Cited by 59 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Van Der Werf et al, 2010;Kaiser et al, 2012). However, more recent satellite-based studies have indicated substantial spatio-temporal variations of NO x EFs within a specific biome and between different regions (Mebust and Cohen, 2013;Castellanos et al, 2014;Schreier et al, 2014). As the bulk of these results are confined to tropical and subtropical regions, we here expand this research to higher latitudes and estimate fire emission rates (FERs) and EFs of NO x for boreal forests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Differences in satellite-derived NO x emission factors between Eurasian and North American boreal forest fires

Schreier

Richter

Schepaschenko

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Environment

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h i g h l i g h t sA satellite-based approach to estimate NO x EFs for boreal forests is presented.The results indicate differences between Eurasian and North American boreal forests. Our EFs are in good agreement with recent reported values. However, EFs applied in frequently used emission inventories are 3e5 times larger. a b s t r a c t Current fire emission inventories apply universal emission factors (EFs) for the calculation of NO x emissions over large biomes such as boreal forest. However, recent satellite-based studies over tropical and subtropical regions have indicated spatio-temporal variations in EFs within specific biomes. In this study, satellite measurements of tropospheric NO 2 vertical columns (TVC NO 2 ) from the GOME-2 instrument and fire radiative power (FRP) from MODIS are used for the estimation of fire emission rates (FERs) of NO x over Eurasian and North American boreal forests. The retrieval of TVC NO 2 is based on a stratospheric correction using simulated stratospheric NO 2 instead of applying the reference sector method, which was used in a previous study. The model approach is more suitable for boreal latitudes. TVC NO 2 and FRP are spatially aggregated to a 1 Â 1 horizontal resolution and temporally averaged to monthly values. The conversion of the satellite-derived tropospheric NO 2 columns into production rates of NO x from fire (P f ) is based on the NO 2 /NO x ratio as obtained from the MACC reanalysis data set and an assumed lifetime of NO x . A global land cover map is used to define boreal forests across these two regions in order to evaluate the FERs of NO x for this biome. The FERs of NO x , which are derived from the gradients of the linear relationship between P f and FRP, are more than 30% lower for North American than for Eurasian boreal forest fires. We speculate that these discrepancies are mainly related to the variable nitrogen content in plant tissues, which is higher in deciduous forests dominating large parts in Eurasia. In order to compare the obtained values with EFs found in the literature, the FERs are converted into EFs. The satellite-based EFs of NO x are estimated at 0.83 and 0.61 g kg À1 for Eurasian and North American boreal forests, respectively, which is in good agreement with the value found in a recent emission factor compilation. However, recent fire emission inventories are based on EFs of NO x that are 3e5 times larger, which indicates that there are still large uncertainties in estimates of NO x from biomass burning, especially on the regional scale.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Differences in satellite-derived NO x emission factors between Eurasian and North American boreal forest fires

Schreier

Richter

Schepaschenko

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Environment

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“…Reddington et al, 2015). Estimation of activity data and actual emission factors are bound with significant uncertainties which include, among other things, amount of biomass burned and interannual variability (Chen et al, 2013;van der Werf et al, 2006;Wiedinmyer et al, 2011), drivers and impact of change in agricultural fires (Morton et al, 2008), and emission factors (Castellanos et al, 2014). The uncertainty ranges estimated by Bond et al (2004) for BC and OC emissions from open biomass burning were 1.6 to 9.8 Tg yr −1 (−45 to +185 %) for BC and 31 to 58 Tg yr −1 (−40 to +110 %) for OC.…”

Section: Uncertainty In Emission Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global anthropogenic emissions of particulate matter including black carbon

et al. 2017

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Abstract. This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of historical global anthropogenic particulate matter (PM) emissions including the consistent and harmonized calculation of mass-based size distribution (PM 1 , PM 2.5 , PM 10 ), as well as primary carbonaceous aerosols including black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC). The estimates were developed with the integrated assessment model GAINS, where source-and region-specific technology characteristics are explicitly included. This assessment includes a number of previously unaccounted or often misallocated emission sources, i.e. kerosene lamps, gas flaring, diesel generators, refuse burning; some of them were reported in the past for selected regions or in the context of a particular pollutant or sector but not included as part of a total estimate. Spatially, emissions were calculated for 172 source regions (as well as international shipping), presented for 25 global regions, and allocated to 0.5 • × 0.5 • longitude-latitude grids. No independent estimates of emissions from forest fires and savannah burning are provided and neither windblown dust nor unpaved roads emissions are included.We estimate that global emissions of PM have not changed significantly between 1990 and 2010, showing a strong decoupling from the global increase in energy consumption and, consequently, CO 2 emissions, but there are significantly different regional trends, with a particularly strong increase in East Asia and Africa and a strong decline in Europe, North America, and the Pacific region. This in turn resulted in important changes in the spatial pattern of PM burden, e.g. European, North American, and Pacific contributions to global emissions dropped from nearly 30 % in 1990 to well below 15 % in 2010, while Asia's contribution grew from just over 50 % to nearly two-thirds of the global total in 2010. For all PM species considered, Asian sources represented over 60 % of the global anthropogenic total, and residential combustion was the most important sector, contributing about 60 % for BC and OC, 45 % for PM 2.5 , and less than 40 % for PM 10 , where large combustion sources and industrial processes are equally important. Global anthropogenic emissions of BC were estimated at about 6.6 and 7.2 Tg in 2000 and 2010, respectively, and represent about 15 % of PM 2.5 but for some sources reach nearly 50 %, i.e. for the transport sector. Our global BC numbers are higher than previously published owing primarily to the inclusion of new sources.This PM estimate fills the gap in emission data and emission source characterization required in air quality and climate modelling studies and health impact assessments at a regional and global level, as it includes both carbonaceous and non-carbonaceous constituents of primary particulate matter emissions. The developed emission dataset has been used in several regional and global atmospheric transport and climate model simulations within the ECLIPSE (Evaluating the Climate and Air Quality Impacts of Short-Lived Pollutants) project and beyo...

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“…Advances on temporal distribution are still needed to obtain representative maps that go beyond monthly resolution. However, large uncertainties are often introduced due to the uncertainties on all the input parameters in the calculation (Jaegle et al, 2005;Castellanos et al, 2014;Zheng et al, 2014;Li et al, 2016Li et al, , 2017Saikawa et al, 2017). It is also time consuming to collect all required information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercomparison of NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> emission inventories over East Asia

Ding

Miyazaki

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. We compare nine emission inventories of nitrogen oxides including four satellite-derived NO x inventories and the following bottom-up inventories for East Asia: REAS (Regional Emission inventory in ASia), MEIC (Multiresolution Emission Inventory for China), CAPSS (Clean Air Policy Support System) and EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research). Two of the satellitederived inventories are estimated by using the DECSO (Daily Emission derived Constrained by Satellite Observations) algorithm, which is based on an extended Kalman filter applied to observations from OMI or from GOME-2. The other two are derived with the EnKF algorithm, which is based on an ensemble Kalman filter applied to observations of multiple species using either the chemical transport model CHASER and MIROC-chem. The temporal behaviour and spatial distribution of the inventories are compared on a national and regional scale. A distinction is also made between urban and rural areas. The intercomparison of all inventories shows good agreement in total NO x emissions over mainland China, especially for trends, with an average bias of about 20 % for yearly emissions. All the inventories show the typical emission reduction of 10 % during the Chinese New Year and a peak in December. Satellite-derived approaches using OMI show a summer peak due to strong emissions from soil and biomass burning in this season. Biases in NO x emissions and uncertainties in temporal variability increase quickly when the spatial scale decreases. The analyses of the differences show the importance of using observations from multiple instruments and a high spatial resolution model for the satellite-derived inventories, while for bottom-up inventories, accurate emission factors and activity information are required. The advantage of the satellite-derived approach is that the emissions are soon available after observation, while the strength of the bottom-up inventories is that they include detailed information of emissions for each source category.

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Satellite observations indicate substantial spatiotemporal variability in biomass burning NO<sub>x</sub> emission factors for South America

Cited by 59 publications

References 70 publications

Differences in satellite-derived NO x emission factors between Eurasian and North American boreal forest fires

Differences in satellite-derived NO x emission factors between Eurasian and North American boreal forest fires

Global anthropogenic emissions of particulate matter including black carbon

Intercomparison of NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> emission inventories over East Asia

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Satellite observations indicate substantial spatiotemporal variability in biomass burning NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; emission factors for South America

Cited by 59 publications

References 70 publications

Differences in satellite-derived NO x emission factors between Eurasian and North American boreal forest fires

Differences in satellite-derived NO x emission factors between Eurasian and North American boreal forest fires

Global anthropogenic emissions of particulate matter including black carbon

Intercomparison of NO&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; emission inventories over East Asia

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Product

Resources

About

Satellite observations indicate substantial spatiotemporal variability in biomass burning NO<sub>x</sub> emission factors for South America

Intercomparison of NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> emission inventories over East Asia