Satellitome Analysis on Talpa aquitania Genome and Inferences about the satDNAs Evolution on Some Talpidae

Abstract

In the genus Talpa a new species, named Talpa aquitania, has been recently described. Only cytogenetic data are available for the nuclear genome of this species. In this work, we characterize the satellitome of the T. aquitania genome that presents 16 different families, including telomeric sequences, and they represent 1.24% of the genome. The first satellite DNA family (TaquSat1-183) represents 0.558%, and six more abundant families, including TaquSat1-183, comprise 1.13%, while the remaining 11 sat-DNAs represent only 0.11%. The average A + T content of the SatDNA families was 50.43% and the median monomer length was 289.24 bp. The analysis of these SatDNAs indicated that they have different grades of clusterization, homogenization, and degeneration. Most of the satDNA families are present in the genomes of the other Talpa species analyzed, while in the genomes of other more distant species of Talpidae, only some of them are present, in accordance with the library hypothesis. Moreover, chromosomal localization by FISH revealed that some satDNAs are localized preferentially on centromeric and non-centromeric heterochromatin in T. aquitania and also in the sister species T. occidentalis karyotype. The differences observed between T. aquitania and the close relative T. occidentalis and T. europaea suggested that the satellitome is a very dynamic component of the genomes and that the satDNAs could be responsible for chromosomal differences between the species. Finally, in a broad context, these data contribute to the understanding of the evolution of satellitomes on mammals.

Satellite DNAs—From Localized to Highly Dispersed Genome Components

“…According to the satelitome composition and patterns of chromosomal distribution of satDNAs, Amosova et al [ 123 ] confirmed that genomes of the grass Deschampsia sukatschewii and D. cespitosa were more closely related in comparison to D. antarctica . Similarly, satellitome analysis on Aquitanian mole Talpa aquitania and further extension on related species showed that most of the satDNA families are present in the genomes of the other Talpa species analyzed, while only some in the genomes of other more distant Talpidae [ 117 ]. Following that, comparative analysis of morabine grasshopper genomes revealed that 102 out of 129 satDNA families were shared among the four inspected chromosomal races of the species Vandiemenella viatica , and 50 of the shared satDNA families underwent differential proliferation since the recent diversification of the V. viatica species complex [ 121 ].…”

The spread of satellite DNAs in euchromatin and insights into the multiple sex chromosome evolution in Hemiptera revealed by repeatome analysis of the bug Oxycarenus hyalinipennis

“…They are frequently located in pericentromeric and terminal regions of the chromosomes. However, intercalary heterochromatin also exhibits occurrence of satDNAs (de Lima et al, 2020; García‐Souto et al, 2017; González et al, 2021; Gutiérrez et al, 2022). Additionally, some examples of satDNAs populating euchromatin have been reported, albeit in smaller quantities (Garrido‐Ramos, 2017).…”

“…This approach has allowed the characterization of satDNAs in the genomes of numerous non‐model species from different groups. For example, satDNAs have been studied in insects (Anjos et al, 2023; Cabral‐de‐Mello et al, 2021; Mora et al, 2020; Pita et al, 2017), mollusks (Tunjić‐Cvitanić et al, 2021), fishes (Goes et al, 2022; Kretschmer et al, 2022), frogs (da Silva et al, 2020; da Silva et al, 2023), mammals (Gutiérrez et al, 2022) and plants (Heitkam et al, 2021; Sader et al, 2021). Consequently, low‐abundance satDNAs have been characterized, and some of them have been found in euchromatin (Cabral‐de‐Mello et al, 2021; Milani et al, 2021; Montiel et al, 2021; Pita et al, 2017).…”

Following the Pathway of W Chromosome Differentiation in Triportheus (Teleostei: Characiformes)

“…The satellitome, which is made up of the whole collection of satellite DNAs (SatDNAs) in a genome, offers an excellent opportunity to elucidate the dynamics of such components in the formation and upkeep of heteromorphic sex chromosomes [ 26 , 27 ]. Recent data provided a significant source of information for characterizing the satellitome of a variety of organisms, from insects [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ] to fishes [ 25 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ] frogs [ 38 , 39 ], lizards [ 40 ], birds [ 41 ], and mammals [ 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ]. In general, SatDNAs are typically found in the centromeric, telomeric, and heterochromatic regions [ 46 ].…”