Satiety Splits Feeding Behaviour into Bouts

Tolkamp, B.J.; Allcroft, David J.; Austin, Elizabeth; Nielsen, Birte L.; Kyriazakis, Ι.

doi:10.1006/jtbi.1998.0759

Cited by 129 publications

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“…A 4-day adaptation period was used because the heifers remained in the same pen and accessed the feed from the same bin throughout the study (diets were switched among bins during the study). Meal criteria (maximum amount of time between visits to the feed bins to consider a visit as a part of the same meal) were calculated using a model composed of two normal distributions resulting from the natural logarithm of time (in seconds) between feed bin visits as described elsewhere (Tolkamp et al, 1998). Meal criteria were calculated for each heifer for the last 5 days of each period and treatment.…”

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Effects of particle size and moisture levels in mixed rations on the feeding behavior of dairy heifers

Khan

Bach

Castells

et al. 2014

Animal

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Two experiments on replacement heifers (175 ± 12 days of age) assessed the effects of forage particle length and moisture on feeding behavior. Both experiments used a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design, with nine heifers per replication and three periods of 9 days each. Each group of nine heifers was housed in one pen with access to three electronic feed bins. In Experiment 1, hay chopped at different lengths was incorporated into three total mixed rations (TMR) all having the same ingredient and nutrient composition but differing in the percentage of long particles (>19 mm): 60% (Short), 64% (Medium) and 72% (Long). In Experiment 2, heifers were fed a TMR with the same ingredient and nutrient composition but differing in moisture content: 65% DM (Dry), 50% DM (Moderate), and 35% DM (Wet). In both experiments, feeding behavior during the last 5 days of each period was analyzed using a mixed model accounting for the fixed effects of treatment and period, and the random effects of replication and animal. In Experiment 1, dry matter intake (DMI) and eating rate (DMI/min) tended to increase, whereas daily eating time decreased as the feed particle size decreased. Heifers fed the Long diet selected in favor of long particles (>19 mm) and against Short (1.18 to 8 mm) and fine (<1.18 mm) particles; heifers fed the Short diet selected against long particles and in favor of short and fine particles. Heifers fed the Medium diet showed a preference for medium particles with no preference for the other particle sizes. In Experiment 2, heifers fed the Dry diet tended to consume more feed than those fed the Moderate and Wet diets, with no differences in feeding behavior or sorting activity. In conclusion the Medium diet minimized sorting without reducing eating rates and intake, and adding water to TMR to achieve a dry matter less than 65% tended to decrease DMI without reducing sorting.Keywords: feeding management, dietary preference, TMR, forage, Holstein ImplicationsThis study examined how forage particle length and the moisture content of the total mixed ration (TMR) affected feed consumption and feed sorting by dairy heifers. A TMR with medium particle size (where 65% of the particles >19 mm and 6% of particles <1.18 mm) minimized feed sorting. Adding water to the diet such that dry matter was lower than 65% (DM ≤ 35%) tended to decrease consumption but did not reduce sorting of the TMR. Results of this study will help improve feeding management of heifers raised on high forage diets. IntroductionPhysical attributes of feeds can affect feeding behavior of replacement heifers. Heifers are fed in a variety of ways in the months after weaning; for example, some farms feed concentrate and forage separately, other top-dress forage with concentrates and other feed a total mixed ration (TMR). Feeding methods are intended to meet production goals and minimize health disorders, competition and hunger (Bach and Ahedo, 2008). Feeding a TMR has some advantages over providing concentrate and forage separately. For example, TMR redu...

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Effects of particle size and moisture levels in mixed rations on the feeding behavior of dairy heifers

Khan

Bach

Castells

et al. 2014

Animal

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“…(Tolkamp et al, 1998) but have not been tested using data collected with newly weaned piglets. Data from a study into the short term feeding behaviour of such piglets, recorded continuously with Leeds University's Feeding Behaviour System (LUFBS), were used to examine the suitability of this methodology and calculate meal characteristics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2012

Advances in Animal Biosciences

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“…Then, the two-Gaussian mixture model was applied, by fitting the relative frequency distribution of log e -transformed RIs with the following equation (Tolkamp et al 1998;Tolkamp and Kyriazakis 1999): where y is the relative frequency at log e -transformed length of interval t, p is the proportion of the first or intra-bout Gaussian distribution in the whole dataset, m 1 and m 2 are the means of the two distributions, and s 1 and s 2 represent the standard deviation of the two distributions. The bout criterion can be calculated as the point where the two distributions cross.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method is based on the assumption that the intra-and inter-bout intervals are produced by Poisson processes with different coefficients of rate, hence the survivorship can be described as the mixture of two negative exponential distributions, and the log esurvivorship curve is in the form of a broken-stick (Slater and Lester 1982). However, the assumption of the underlying Poisson processes and the corresponding negative exponential distributions for this technique are not always met, where the method could not be successfully applied (Tolkamp et al 1998;Tolkamp and Kyriazakis 1999;Frische et al 2000). Alternatively, in the analysis of cow feeding behavior, Tolkamp et al (1998) log e -transformed the feeding intervals and then fitted the frequency distribution with a two-Gaussian mixture model, resulting in a good fit and a biologically significant bout criterion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the assumption of the underlying Poisson processes and the corresponding negative exponential distributions for this technique are not always met, where the method could not be successfully applied (Tolkamp et al 1998;Tolkamp and Kyriazakis 1999;Frische et al 2000). Alternatively, in the analysis of cow feeding behavior, Tolkamp et al (1998) log e -transformed the feeding intervals and then fitted the frequency distribution with a two-Gaussian mixture model, resulting in a good fit and a biologically significant bout criterion. Frische et al (2000) also applied this technique in the analysis of the respiration of snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Respiratory pattern of captive Yangtze finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis)

Xiao

Wang

2006

J Ethol

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Cetacean respiration usually happen in bouts. The most widely applied quantitative method used to analyze the structure of these bouts is the log e -survivorship analysis, based on the assumption that the respiratory intervals are distributed as negative exponentials. However, for the data collected from three captive Yangtze finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis), we failed to obtain a convergent result with the application of log esurvivorship analysis. However, the two-Gaussian model, which was recently proposed to analyze the feeding behavior of cows, was successfully fitted to the data. According to the fitting results, the overall respiratory pattern of the captive Yangtze finless porpoises can be described as a dive with a mean duration of around 30-40 s, followed by two or three ventilations with a mean interval of approximately 9 s. The average intra-bout intervals during both active and inactive periods are constant at 7.7-9.9 s for all individuals. However, when shifting from active to inactive states, the adult male and female decrease their mean numbers of respirations per bout and average length of inter-bout respiratory intervals, while the estimates of both parameters increase for the juvenile female. It was pointed out that the two-Gaussian model might be more adequate for cetacean respiratory-bout structure analyses than the log e -survivorship technique.

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Satiety Splits Feeding Behaviour into Bouts

Cited by 129 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of particle size and moisture levels in mixed rations on the feeding behavior of dairy heifers

Effects of particle size and moisture levels in mixed rations on the feeding behavior of dairy heifers

Submitted summaries

Respiratory pattern of captive Yangtze finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis)

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