Abstract. We establish the group-theoretic classification of Sato-Tate groups of self-dual motives of weight 3 with rational coefficients and Hodge numbers h 3,0 = h 2,1 = h 1,2 = h 0,3 = 1. We then describe families of motives that realize some of these Sato-Tate groups, and provide numerical evidence supporting equidistribution. One of these families arises in the middle cohomology of certain Calabi-Yau threefolds appearing in the Dwork quintic pencil; for motives in this family, our evidence suggests that the Sato-Tate group is always equal to the full unitary symplectic group USp(4).