“…1,2 Well-known materials that exhibit saturation include some semiconductor-doped glasses (e.g., CdSSe and Schott OG 550 glass), 3,4 , iondoped crystals (e.g., GdAlO 3 :Cr 3+ ), 5 bio-optical media, 6 π-conjugated polymers, 7 and various photorefractive crystals (e.g., LiNbO 3 and SBN). 8,9 The detailed mechanism underlying optical saturation is intricate, but at an atomic level it may be described phenomenologically in terms of the bleaching of excited states under high-intensity illumination.…”