Saturation of Two-Photon Absorption in Layered Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Experiment and Theory

Dong, Ningning; Li, Yuanxin; Zhang, Saifeng; McEvoy, Niall; Gatensby, Riley; Duesberg, Georg S.; Wang, Jun

doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.8b00010

Cited by 104 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The TPA coefficient decreases with increasing layer numbers ( Figure 3D). TPA saturation was also reported in four types of TMDs ((MoS 2 , WS 2 , MoSe 2 , and WSe 2 ) with the saturation intensity at the order of 10 2 GW/cm 2 , 141 which was important in the short pulse laser generation. Figure 3E shows a typical TPA saturation of monolayer MoS 2 .…”

Section: Two-photon Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 79%

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Nonlinear optics of two‐dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides

Wen

Gong

2019

InfoMat

180

156

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Nonlinear optics (NLO) of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is promising for the on‐chip photonic and optoelectronic applications. In this review, we will survey the current progress of NLO in TMDs. First, we will brief the basic theory of the NLO in TMDs. Second, several important nonlinear processes in TMDs such as harmonic generation, four‐wave mixing, saturable absorption, and two‐photon absorption will be presented and their potential applications are also discussed. Third, the main strategies to tune, modulate, and enhance the NLO in TMDs are reviewed, including the excitonic effect, symmetry modulation, optical cavity enhancement, valley selection, edge state, and material phase. Finally, we give an outlook regarding some important issues and directions of NLO in TMDs.

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Section: Two-photon Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Figure E shows a typical TPA saturation of monolayer MoS 2 . The simulation revealed that the significant TPA saturation was originated from the exciton‐exciton annihilation, depletion of electrons in the ground state, and the fast relaxation of the dark excitonic states …”

Section: Nlo Processes In Tmdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear optics of two‐dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides

Wen

Gong

2019

InfoMat

180

156

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“…The saturable absorption and multiple‐photon absorption are two kinds of nonlinear absorption. It is worth noting that if the laser intensity is very high, multi‐photon absorption becomes very important . If two‐photon absorption is considered, the saturable absorption formula can be derived from

α = α_{ns} + \frac{α_{S}}{1 + I / I_{sat}} + β I

…”

Section: Fundamental Of 2d Layered Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

2D Layered Materials: Synthesis, Nonlinear Optical Properties, and Device Applications

Guo

Xiao

Wang

et al. 2019

Laser & Photonics Reviews

420

197

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In recent years, 2D layered materials, including graphene, topological insulators, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, MXenes, graphitic carbon nitride, and metal‐organic frameworks, have attracted considerable interest due to their potential applications in the fields of physics, chemistry, biology, and energy. Their rise in the field of nonlinear photonics began around 2009 and has become an important research direction. Here, the synthesis techniques, nonlinear optical properties, integration strategies, and device applications of layered materials are reviewed. In terms of nonlinear optical properties, the focus is on saturable absorption and Kerr nonlinearity. On this basis, their applications in various pulsed lasers, including fiber lasers, solid‐state lasers, waveguide lasers, and related nonlinear optical phenomenon, are summarized. In addition, novel optical devices using layered materials, such as optical modulators, optical polarizers, optical switchers, and even all‐optical device, are also involved. It is believed that the development of 2D layered materials in the field of photonics will continue to deepen, thus laying a good foundation for its practical application.

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“…Beyond the linear optical regime, extensive efforts in recent years have been devoted to investigating nonlinear optical responses of TMD monolayers up to the third order. These studies provided valuable information of lattice structure, nonlinear absorption coefficients, fine structures of excitonic levels, and realized subband photodetection, tunable nonlinear optical response, quantum coherence, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To obtain the real part of third‐order susceptibility, femtosecond laser THG measurements have been carried out for graphene, MoS 2 , ReS 2 , black phosphorus, etc. In addition, to obtain the imaginary part of third‐order susceptibility, which is proportional to two‐photon absorption (TPA) coefficient, degenerate TPA Z‐scan technique has been used for uniform films of TMDs grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) . Z‐scan's simplicity of one‐laser‐beam setup has made it widely employed, while it can suffer from low spatial resolution and limited temporal resolution …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporally Resolving Synchronous Degenerate and Nondegenerate Two‐Photon Absorption in 2D Semiconducting Monolayers

Cui

Chang

Zhao

et al. 2018

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Degenerate and nondegenerate two‐photon absorption (TPA) in WS2 and MoSe2 monolayers are synchronously induced and temporally resolved by femtosecond laser pump‐probe. Differential transmission signals in the first 500 fs consist of negative and positive components, that originate from direct probe depletion via nondegenerate TPA and carrier accumulation via degenerate TPA, respectively. Temporal cross‐correlation of pump and probe pulses allows us to fully decouple the ultrafast nondegenerate and degenerate TPA signals. Subsequently, degenerate and nondegenerate TPA coefficients are calculated as a function of pump irradiance. Under nonresonant pumping, 100 ± 10 and 250 ± 25 cm GW−1 are obtained for degenerate and nondegenerate TPA coefficients of monolayer WS2, respectively, which both present linearly decreasing trends as increasing pump irradiances. However, under resonant pumping of 2p excitonic states in monolayer MoSe2, degenerate TPA coefficients exponentially decrease from 800 to 80 cm GW−1 as increasing pump irradiances, due to the interplay between band‐renormalization and band‐filling effects, while nondegenerate TPA coefficient is about 650 ± 50 cm GW−1. For comparison, a trilayer MoSe2 is also investigated. These results set a foundation for precisely measuring TPA coefficients and actively controlling nonlinear excitonic dynamics via TPA in 2D semiconducting monolayers.

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Saturation of Two-Photon Absorption in Layered Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Experiment and Theory

Cited by 104 publications

References 48 publications

Nonlinear optics of two‐dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides

Nonlinear optics of two‐dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides

2D Layered Materials: Synthesis, Nonlinear Optical Properties, and Device Applications

Temporally Resolving Synchronous Degenerate and Nondegenerate Two‐Photon Absorption in 2D Semiconducting Monolayers

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