Saving global platinum demand while achieving carbon neutrality in the passenger transport sector: linking material flow analysis with integrated assessment model

Tong, Xin; Dai, Hancheng; Lu, Pantao; Zhang, Anying; Ma, Teng

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.106110

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The list of metals necessary for the green transition includes the rare earth varieties but goes much further. Platinum group metals are also worthy of significant attention on account of the fact that they are vital for the hydrogen economy, particularly fuel cells . Like rare earth metals, their primary extraction and processing are highly concentrated in a relatively small number of locations like South Africa and Russia, thereby resulting in a high supply risk .…”

Section: Past Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Platinum group metals are also worthy of significant attention on account of the fact that they are vital for the hydrogen economy, particularly fuel cells. 14 Like rare earth metals, their primary extraction and processing are highly concentrated in a relatively small number of locations like South Africa and Russia, thereby resulting in a high supply risk. 15 The major difference to rare earths is their high intrinsic market value, which has led to the emergence of a robust recycling market for these metals capable of supplying considerable quantities of platinum from secondary sources such as recycled auto catalysts.…”

Section: Materials Requirements For Green Infrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Closing the Infrastructure Gap for Decarbonization: The Case for an Integrated Mineral Supply Agreement

Ali

Kalantzakos

Eggert

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Significant amounts of feedstock metals will be required to build the infrastructure for the green energy transition. It is currently estimated, however, that the world may be facing an "infrastructure gap" that could prevent us from meeting United Nations Sustainable Development Goal targets. Prior investigations have focused on the extractive aspects of the mining industry to meet these targets and on looming bottlenecks and regional challenges in these upstream market segments. Scant attention has been paid to the downstream processing segments of the raw materials value chain, which also has a high degree of market concentration. Growing international tensions and geopolitical events have resulted in a shift toward "reshoring" and "near-shoring" of mining processing capabilities as regional powers attempt to make metal supply chains more secure. While increasing resilience, these shifts can also dilute the overall effectiveness of the global mining supply network and subsequently hamper the world's ability to close the green energy infrastructure gap. We argue that broadening the remit of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) to include coordinating these mission-critical metal processing functions can mitigate these issues. The G20 is one potential forum for enabling an integrated mineral processing agreement under the auspices of IRENA.

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Section: Past Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials Requirements For Green Infrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Closing the Infrastructure Gap for Decarbonization: The Case for an Integrated Mineral Supply Agreement

Ali

Kalantzakos

Eggert

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…In recent years, road transportation electrification has moved more quickly. In 2020, according to [1]. there were over 10 million fully electric (BEV), hydrogen fuel cell (FCV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) vehicles in the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Consumption of Platinum Group Metals in Automotive Industry: A Threat to South African PGM’s Industry? Needs for Proactive Palliative Remediation

2023

Nov. 16-17, 2023 Johannesburg (South Africa)Back 39th JOHANNESBURG International Conference on “Chemical, Biological and Enviro

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Adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is rising in popularity as the global automotive industry undergoes a significant shift due to environmental concerns and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). The platinum group metal (PGM) business, which has historically been one of the world's top producers of PGM, has been significantly impacted by this change. While there is still debate on the effects of EV adoption on the PGM industry, our survey has revealed a range of opinions. To acquire insight into the viewpoints of individuals from a variety of backgrounds, qualitative questionnaires were administered. While some participants have drawn attention to the challenges posed by economic disparity and the exclusivity of EVs in South Africa, some players have recognized EV adoption as an opportunity to innovate, diversify, and foster economic growth in South Africa's PGM business. Participants have suggested a variety of strategies to seize the potential, including local industrial ownership, investment in research and development infrastructural development, and environmental responsibility. They have also emphasized the value of generating jobs, improving skills, inventing, and spending money on education. The majority of participants were upbeat about the future of the electric vehicle (EV) market, indicating that both EVs and PGM have bright prospects. Even though our analysis provides insightful data, more investigation is required to examine the moral and ethical ramifications of PGM purchases in the age of electric vehicles and to track the industry's practical responses to these changes. An indication on the circularity threat was also made Sinethemba Sithole was a undergraduate student at the .Mineral Processing and

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“…Hence, investigating the effects of deploying EVs on critical metals requirements and mitigation of transportation GHG emissions is essential. Past studies have explored the GHG emissions mitigation potential and critical material requirements of electrifying transportation in specific countries and regions, including China [22][23][24][25][26][27] , the USA 26,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34] , Europe 8,26,[34][35][36][37][38] , India 26,39,40 , and the world [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] , for various road transportation sectors corresponding to passenger vehicles 8,[24][25][26][27][38][39][40]44,45,50 , freight 8,25,31 , light-duty vehicles …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the efforts made to project the impacts of EV deployment, several knowledge gaps still remain. First, most studies investigated a specific transportation sector 22,[27][28][29][31][32][33]36,37,39,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] or a specific category of EVs [27][28][29][31][32][33]36,37,39,[42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] . Lacking perspective from the full range of vehicles composing a fleet may lead to incomplete or truncated conclusions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade-off between critical metal requirement and transportation decarbonization in automotive electrification

2023

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Automotive electrification holds the promise of mitigating transportation-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, yet at the expense of growing demand for critical metals. Here, we analyze the trade-off between the decarbonization potential of the road transportation sector and its critical metal requirement from the demand-side perspective in 48 major countries committing to decarbonize their road transportation sectors aided by electric vehicles (EVs). Our results demonstrate that deploying EVs with 40–100% penetration by 2050 can increase lithium, nickel, cobalt, and manganese demands by 2909–7513%, 2127–5426%, 1039–2684%, and 1099–2838%, respectively, and grow platinum group metal requirement by 131–179% in the 48 investigated countries, relative to 2020. Higher EV penetration reduces GHG emissions from fuel use regardless of the transportation energy transition, while those from fuel production are more sensitive to energy-sector decarbonization and could reach nearly “net zero” by 2040.

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Saving global platinum demand while achieving carbon neutrality in the passenger transport sector: linking material flow analysis with integrated assessment model

Cited by 22 publications

References 38 publications

Closing the Infrastructure Gap for Decarbonization: The Case for an Integrated Mineral Supply Agreement

Closing the Infrastructure Gap for Decarbonization: The Case for an Integrated Mineral Supply Agreement

Reduced Consumption of Platinum Group Metals in Automotive Industry: A Threat to South African PGM’s Industry? Needs for Proactive Palliative Remediation

Trade-off between critical metal requirement and transportation decarbonization in automotive electrification

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