Scaffold-Type Structure Dental Ceramics with Different Compositions Evaluated through Physicochemical Characteristics and Biosecurity Profiles

Abstract

The design and development of ceramic structures based on 3D scaffolding as dental bone substitutes has become a topic of great interest in the regenerative dentistry research area. In this regard, the present study focuses on the development of two scaffold-type structures obtained from different commercial dental ceramics by employing the foam replication method. At the same time, the study underlines the physicochemical features and the biological profiles of the newly developed scaffolds, compared to two traditional Cerabone® materials used for bone augmentation, by employing both the in vitro Alamar blue proliferation test at 24, 48 and 96 h poststimulation and the in ovo chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. The data reveal that the newly developed scaffolds express comparable results with the traditional Cerabone® augmentation masses. In terms of network porosity, the scaffolds show higher pore interconnectivity compared to Cerabone® granules, whereas regarding the biosafety profile, all ceramic samples manifest good biocompatibility on primary human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs); however only the Cerabone® samples induced proliferation of HGF cells following exposure to concentrations of 5 and 10 µg/mL. Additionally, none of the test samples induce irritative activity on the vascular developing plexus. Thus, based on the current results, the preliminary biosecurity profile of ceramic scaffolds supports the usefulness for further testing of high relevance for their possible clinical dental applications.

Sinus Lift and Implant Insertion on 3D-Printed Polymeric Maxillary Models: Ex Vivo Training for In Vivo Surgical Procedures

“…On the other hand, oral implantology is not a stand-alone branch; it depends equally on the future prosthetic treatment that must be consistent with the insertion of implants [39]. Tissue engineering is another aspect to be considered, both for bone [7][8][9][40][41][42] and soft tissue [43]. Clearly, in oral implantology, various clinical situations may arise that require optimal thinking and the calculation of the treatment plan.…”

Development and Characterization of Fe3O4@Carbon Nanoparticles and Their Biological Screening Related to Oral Administration

“…The absorbance was measured spectrophotometrically at two wavelengths of 570 nm and 600 nm, by using the microplate reader (xMarkTM Microplate, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA). To quantify the cell viability percentage based on the determined absorbances, a previously published formula was used [54].…”

“…The purpose of the present study was as follows: (i) the manufacture of biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles via the combustion method; (ii) the evaluation of physicochemical features of the as-synthesized magnetic nanoparticles through the most used methods; (iii) assessment of the biological profile by employing an in vitro model based on relevant cells of buccal oral mucosa, using primary human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and primary gingival keratinocytes (PGKs) as the in vitro model and basic in vitro toxicological assays, such as cell viability quantification by means of the Alamar blue proliferation test and lactate dehydrogenase release method, along with cell morphology assessment at 24 h and 48 h post-stimulation, and iv) determination of the toxicological profile as a preclinical tool by assessment of the potential irritability of the Fe 3 O 4 @Carbon nanoparticles as well as their biocompatibility in an in vivo setting by employing the HET-CAM (hen's egg chorioallantoic membrane) assay. The in vitro methods were selected based on previous research published by our group, where these types of techniques have already been employed successfully either for the biological assessment of Fe 3 O 4 material [49][50][51] or for the evaluation of the biosecurity profile of different dental devices [52][53][54].…”

Space Maintainers Used in Pediatric Dentistry: An Insight of Their Biosecurity Profile by Applying In Vitro Methods

“…The control cells were maintained in the same conditions as the stimulated ones, however, they were treated with a specific culture medium. To quantify the cell viability percentage, the absorbance of each well was determined spectrophotometrically at two wavelengths (570 and 600 nm) by means of a microplate reader (xMarkTM Microplate, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA), and the following formula was applied [17,28]:…”

“…The in vitro methods employed in the current study have already proved to be relevant for offering preliminary data in establishing the biological profile of different dental materials [17][18][19], whereas keratinocyte cultures proved to be good candidates as in vitro models for providing the preliminary biosecurity of different products related to oral use [20][21][22].…”