Scalable Production of 2D Material Heterostructure Textiles for High-Performance Wearable Supercapacitors

Abstract

Wearable electronic textiles (e-textiles) have emerged as a promising platform for seamless integration of electronic devices into everyday life, enabling nonintrusive monitoring of human health. However, the development of efficient, flexible, and scalable energy storage solutions remains a significant challenge for powering such devices. Here, we address this challenge by leveraging the distinct properties of two-dimensional (2D) material based heterostructures to enhance the performance of wearable textile supercapacitors. We report a highly scalable and controllable synthesis method for graphene and molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) through a microfluidization technique. Subsequently, we employ an ultrafast and industry-scale hierarchical deposition approach using a pad-dry method to fabricate 2D heterostructure based textiles with various configurations suitable for wearable e-textiles applications. Comparative analyses reveal the superior performance of wearable textile supercapacitors based on 2D material heterostructures, demonstrating excellent areal capacitance (∼105.08 mF cm –2 ), high power density (∼1604.274 μW cm –2 ) and energy density (∼58.377 μWh cm –2 ), and outstanding capacitive retention (∼100% after 1000 cycles). Our findings highlight the pivotal role of 2D material based heterostructures in addressing the challenges of performance and scalability in wearable energy storage devices, facilitating large-scale production of high-performance wearable supercapacitors.

Advances in Smart Photovoltaic Textiles

“…The “Layer-by-layer” method is considered a promising approach to preserve the integrity and original state of the textiles in terms of their shape and comfort level (see Figure d). By developing a structure in layers, strong contact is established, resulting in excellent stability and mechanical durability against disturbances . The layer-by-layer approach is considered a prominent approach for scalable textile-based SCs production .…”

2D Material‐Based Wearable Energy Harvesting Textiles: A Review

“…[164,165] Graphene is the most intensively investigated material among other 2D materials for energy harvesting and wearable applications. [166][167][168][169] This is due to its high charge carrier mobility (>104 cm 2 V À1 s) and lower production costs. [170,171] Furthermore, graphene's robust configuration confers exceptional transparency, placing it as an effective rival to replace transparent conductive oxides (TCO) in third-generation SCs.…”

Hierarchical Spatial Confinement Unlocking the Storage Limit of MoS2 for Flexible High-Energy Supercapacitors

“…3,4 Nevertheless, the energy density of existing FSSCs remains unsatisfactory owing to the lack of advanced electrode materials capable of facilitating efficient and stable charge storage. 5,6 Layered metal dichalcogenides, such as WS 2 , 7 MoS 2 , 8 and VS 2 , 9 conversion and storage owing to their high theoretical capacities and layered structures. 10 The layered characteristics of these materials enable the transport of charge carriers and accommodate volumetric changes upon cycling.…”

“…However, their widespread application is plagued by limitations, such as high cost, limited lithium sources, and safety concerns arising from flammable and potentially toxic organic electrolytes . Flexible solid-state supercapacitors (FSSCs) have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation energy storage devices owing to their high power density, good flexibility, high safety, and ease of handling. , Nevertheless, the energy density of existing FSSCs remains unsatisfactory owing to the lack of advanced electrode materials capable of facilitating efficient and stable charge storage. , …”