Scalable Synthesis of Exfoliated Organometal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals by Ligand-Assisted Ball Milling

Abstract

The scalable synthesis of colloidal organohalide perovskite nanocrystals is essential because of increasing demands for their use in many applications such as photovoltaic and light-emitting devices. However, only subgram quantities of perovskite nanocrystals were produced in the typical precipitation synthesis involving excess amounts of nonsolvent, limiting their high-yield production. In this contribution, ligand-assisted ball milling represents a substantial improvement in the scalability of high quality perovskite nanocrystals as well as the corresponding optoelectronic properties (e.g., PLQYs) by the synergetic effect of chemical fragmentation (i.e., ligand exfoliation) and mechanical shearing force. In particular, the formation of perovskite nanocrystals as well as exfoliated nanoplatelets was preferentially developed in the presence of ligands (n-octylamine or octadecylamine) that protect their surfaces after the reaction of solid precursors. This procedure is facile and robust enough to produce kilogram quantities of perovskite nanocrystals with a controlled crystal size, which allows their usage in practical applications.

Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Single Crystals: Crystallization, Molecular Structures, and Bandgap Engineering

“…Furthermore, the bulk inorganic hybrid perovskite single crystals can be exfoliated into few layers. [70][71][72][73][74][75] Therefore, the thickness of organicinorganic hybrid perovskite can be as thin as 2 nm after exfoliation. Besides the methods mentioned above, melt crystallization techniques such as Czochralski method, Bridgman method and zone-melting method can be also employed to grow large-size industrially important functional crystals.…”

A hybrid blue perovskite@metal–organic gel (MOG) nanocomposite: simultaneous improvement of luminescence and stability

“…39 The structure of EAPbBr 3 has already been reported in the literature and it has a two-dimensional (2D) arrangement. 34,35 The characteristic diffraction peak at $11.3 conrms the 2D arrangement of the EAPbBr 3 NCs. Structural evolutions of the material were studied by TEM analysis and TEM images ( Fig.…”

“…33 This MOG matrix was utilized as a protecting host matrix to stabilize hybrid bromide perovskite NCs (HBP-NCs) from aerial or chemical degradation. We have also demonstrated that, through encapsulation within a MOG matrix, weakly blue lightemitting, two-dimensional EAPbBr 3 NCs 34,35 (PLQY $ 5%) have achieved an unprecedented ten-fold enhancement in PLQY ($53%) without altering the PL peak position. It is noteworthy that, for the rst time, simultaneous improvement of both PLQY and water stability has been achieved for intense blueemitting hybrid perovskite NCs.…”

Dry Mechanochemical Synthesis of Highly Luminescent, Blue and Green Hybrid Perovskite Solids

“…It is a simple method which can lead to higher purity due to the absence of processing additives and solvents. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Mechanochemical synthesis can be used to synthesize multicomponent compounds simply by mixing the chemical precursors in the appropriate stoichiometry. Impor-www.advopticalmat.de mixed accordingly to the targeted compound's stoichiometry MA 0.8 Cs 0.2 Pb(Br 0.6 Cl 0.4 ) 3 inside a nitrogen-filled glove box and introduced in a 10 mL zirconia ball-mill jar together with zirconia beads.…”

“…Solvent‐free “dry” mechanochemical synthesis is an alternative technique to prepare perovskites with virtually any composition. It is a simple method which can lead to higher purity due to the absence of processing additives and solvents . Mechanochemical synthesis can be used to synthesize multicomponent compounds simply by mixing the chemical precursors in the appropriate stoichiometry.…”