Scaling laser disability glare functions with “K” factors to predict dazzle

McLin, Leon N.; Smith, Peter A.; Barnes, Laura E.; Dykes, James R.; Kuyk, Thomas; Novar, Brenda J.; Garcia, Paul V.; Williamson, Craig A.

doi:10.2351/1.5056803

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The standard International Commission on Illumination (CIE) equation is a collection of research and development results of different researchers [3,4], and has been calibrated by McLin et al [5] for laser glare performance and integrated by Williamson. A visual tool for blinding performance research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retracted Article: Research on Laser Dazzle Simulation Using ZEMAX Software and MATLAB

Jin

2020

MATEC Web Conf.

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The dazzling process of the laser has been digitally simulated. First, the optical design software (ZEMAX) is combined with the scientific programming language (MATLAB), then the ray tracing is used to build the scattering model of each optical element, and finally compared with a simpler model based on CIE disability glare data to achieve the calibration and verification of the software simulation effect. The results show that this advanced optical eye simulation technology can be used to study the laser glare efficiency, and it is possible to expand the scope of application of the analysis model.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retracted Article: Research on Laser Dazzle Simulation Using ZEMAX Software and MATLAB

Jin

2020

MATEC Web Conf.

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“…Initially, with the help of human observer trials, McLin and co-workers adapted the CIE equations for disability glare based on broadband light sources to laser radiation [27]. Then, Williamson and McLin set up a framework to determine the Maximum Dazzle Exposure (MDE) and the corresponding hazard distance, named the Nominal Ocular Dazzle Distance (NODD) [25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Safety Calculations for Imaging Sensors

Ritt

2019

Sensors

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This publication presents an approach to adapt the well-known classical eye-related concept of laser safety calculations on camera sensors as general as possible. The difficulty in this approach is that sensors, in contrast to the human eye, consist of a variety of combinations of optics and detectors. Laser safety calculations related to the human eye target terms like Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) and Nominal Ocular Hazard Distance (NOHD). The MPE describes the maximum allowed level of irradiation at the cornea of the eye to keep the eye safe from damage. The hazard distance corresponding to the MPE is called NOHD. Recently, a laser safety framework regarding the case of human eye dazzling was suggested. For laser eye dazzle, the quantities Maximum Dazzle Exposure (MDE) and the corresponding hazard distance Nominal Ocular Dazzle Distance (NODD) were introduced. Here, an approach is presented to extend laser safety calculations to camera sensors in an analogous way. The main objective thereby was to establish closed-form equations that are as simple as possible to allow also non-expert users to perform such calculations. This is the first time that such investigations have been carried out for this purpose.

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“…The authors have previously presented an adjustment to the OE general disability glare equation which suggests a lower scatter in low ambient luminance levels when simulating laser exposures [4,18]. Using this adjustment factor with a night time ambient luminance level of 0.001 cd • m- 2 gives the middle dotted line in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the contribution of atmospheric scatter to laser eye dazzle

Williamson

Rickman

Freeman³

et al. 2015

Appl. Opt.

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An experiment has been conducted to determine the contribution of atmospheric scatter to the severity of the dazzle experienced by a human under illumination from a visible laser. A 15 W 532 nm laser was propagated over a 380 m outdoor range in San Antonio, Texas, over nine data collection sessions spanning June and July 2014. A narrow acceptance angle detector was used to measure scattered laser radiation within the laser beam at different angles from its axis. Atmospheric conditions were logged via a local weather station, and air quality data were taken from a nearby continuous air monitoring station. The measured laser irradiance data showed very little variation across the sessions and a single fitting equation was derived for the atmospheric scatter function. With very conservative estimates of the scatter from the human eye, atmospheric scatter was found to contribute no more than 5% to the overall veiling luminance across the scene for a human observer experiencing laser eye dazzle. It was concluded that atmospheric scatter does not make a significant contribution to laser eye dazzle for short-range laser engagements in atmospheres of good to moderate air quality, which account for 99.5% of conditions in San Antonio, Texas.

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Scaling laser disability glare functions with “K” factors to predict dazzle

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

Retracted Article: Research on Laser Dazzle Simulation Using ZEMAX Software and MATLAB

Retracted Article: Research on Laser Dazzle Simulation Using ZEMAX Software and MATLAB

Laser Safety Calculations for Imaging Sensors

Measuring the contribution of atmospheric scatter to laser eye dazzle

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