Scaling photonic lanterns for space-division multiplexing

Velázquez-Benítez, A. M.; Antonio-López, Jose Enrique; Alvarado-Zacarias, Juan Carlos; Fontaine, Nicolas K.; Ryf, Roland; Chen, Haoshuo; Hernández‐Cordero, Juan; Sillard, Pierre; Okonkwo, Chigo; Leon-Saval, Sergio G.; Amezcua‐Correa, Rodrigo

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-27072-2

Cited by 79 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The mode profiles of the six LP modes didn't change as laser power increased, and were stable at room temperature. It is worth mentioning that even higher-order lasing modes could be generated if the 6-mode MSPL was replaced by a 10-mode or 15-mode MSPL [35,36]. In the following, we measured the optical spectra of the output lasing modes using an optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) with a 50/125 μm graded-index optical fiber input port (Ando AQ-6315e), capable of accepting high-order modes.…”

Section: Lp Modes Laser Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transverse mode-switchable fiber laser based on a photonic lantern

et al. 2018

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We propose and experimentally demonstrate an intra-cavity transverse modeswitchable fiber laser based on a mode-selective photonic lantern and a few-mode Er-doped fiber amplifier. The six lowest-order LP modes can lase independently and are switchable by changing the input port of the photonic lantern. We measured the slope efficiency, mode intensity profile, and optical spectrum of each lasing mode. In addition, we demonstrate donut-shaped LP 11 and LP 21 modes using incoherent superposition and simultaneous lasing of the two degenerate modes.

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Section: Lp Modes Laser Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transverse mode-switchable fiber laser based on a photonic lantern

et al. 2018

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“…The analog signal modulates the output of an external cavity laser (ECL) operating at a frequency of 193.4 THz with a linewidth of 80 kHz using a dualpolarization in-phase and quadrature modulator. After optical modulation, the signal is amplified by an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), split and delayed by 0 m, 20 to generate three decorrelated data streams that are passed through VOAs and then multiplexed by a mode-selective photonic lantern (PL) [23]. The VOAs allow the independent control of the launch powers in the 3 spatial modes LP 01 , LP 11a and LP 11b to deliberately introduce MDL/MDG into the system.…”

Section: Experimental Setup For the 3-mode Transmission Linkmentioning

confidence: 99%

DSP-based Mode-dependent Loss and Gain Estimation in Coupled SDM Transmission

Ospina

Okonkwo

Mello

2020

Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC) 2020

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The capacity in space division multiplexing (SDM) systems with coupled channels is fundamentally limited by mode-dependent loss (MDL) and mode-dependent gain (MDG) generated in components and amplifiers. In these systems, MDL/MDG must be accurately estimated for performance analysis and troubleshooting. Most recent demonstrations of SDM with coupled channels perform MDL/MDG estimation by digital signal processing (DSP) techniques based on the coefficients of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) adaptive equalizers. Although these methods provide a valid indication of the order of magnitude of the accumulated MDL/MDG over the link, MIMO equalizers are usually updated according to the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion, which is known to depend on the channel signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Therefore, MDL/MDG estimation techniques based on the adaptive filter coefficients are also impaired by noise. In this paper, we model analytically the influence of the SNR on DSP-based MDL/MDG estimation, and show that the technique is prone to errors. Based on the transfer function of MIMO MMSE equalizers, and assuming a known SNR, we calculate a correction factor that improves the estimation process in moderate levels of MDL/MDG and SNR. The correction factor is validated by simulation of a 6mode long-haul transmission link, and experimentally using a 3-mode transmission link. The results confirm the limitations of the standard estimation method in scenarios of high additive noise and MDL/MDG, and indicate the correction factor as a possible solution in practical SDM scenarios.

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“…The power in both degenerate modes in the FMF can be also be simultaneously detected. Mode selective photonic lanterns that can excite up to 15 spatial modes has been reported [5]. 3× 10 Gb/s mode group transmission over 20 km of FMF has been demonstrated using five port photonic lanterns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MDM Transmission Using Air-Clad Photonic Lanterns

Mathew

Grüner-Nielsen

Galili

et al. 2020

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

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MIMO less few mode transmission is performed using two spatial channels transmitted through 1 km of two mode graded index fiber at 10 Gb/s modulation rate. The multiplexing and de-multiplexing of the spatial channels are done using air clad photonic lanterns. The power in the two degenerate LP11 modes are added electrically and counted as a single channel. The Q values calculated for the LP01 and LP11 channels are 5.4 and 4.7 respectively. We also show that, the signal degradation due to modal interference can be mitigated by using different laser sources for different spatial channels with some wavelength spacing. The wavelength separation increases the modal beat frequency beyond the detector bandwidth, thus improving the transmission performance. Using two laser sources with a wavelength spacing of 0.2 nm between the spatial modes could improve the Q compared to the case where a single laser source is split between the spatial channels with some extra length of fiber in one of the paths for optical decorrelation.

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Scaling photonic lanterns for space-division multiplexing

Cited by 79 publications

References 34 publications

Transverse mode-switchable fiber laser based on a photonic lantern

Transverse mode-switchable fiber laser based on a photonic lantern

DSP-based Mode-dependent Loss and Gain Estimation in Coupled SDM Transmission

MDM Transmission Using Air-Clad Photonic Lanterns

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