Scandium doped Tm:YAG ceramics and single crystals: Coherent and high resolution spectroscopy

Recent Advances in Rare Earth Doped Inorganic Crystalline Materials for Quantum Information Processing

“…Doped at δ = 500 ppm, the crystal showed a surprisingly narrow inhomogeneous line, 3.6 GHz, compared to other rare earth doped in YAG. 0.5 % YAG:Tm 3+ for example has a linewidth close to 20 GHz, which is generally explained by the high concentration of antisite defects in this host . It is also a low value compared to the ones observed for Y 2 SiO 5 in a sample 10 times less doped (see above).…”

Fabrication, microstructure, and optical properties of Tm:Y3ScAl4O12 laser ceramics

“…It has been confirmed that the Sc 3+ doping would broaden the bandwidths of the absorption and emission spectra of the active ions (Yb 3+ , Nd 3+ ), which is favorable for the generation of the ultrafast pulse laser in the mode‐locking laser regime . In particular, it is believed that the larger radius of the Sc 3+ compared with Al 3+ may increase the distance between lattice sites, which decreases the Tm‐Tm interaction in highly doped Tm:YSAG single crystals . The Tm:YSAG ceramics are potential mid‐infrared laser materials, and some researches on the Tm:YSAG single crystals or ceramics have been reported.…”

“…Gruber et al grown the 2 at.% Tm:YSAG single crystal by the Czochralski method and discussed the spectroscopic properties in 1993 . Ferrier et al studied in detail the effects of scandium doping on the inhomogeneous and homogeneous linewidth broadening, Zeeman levels life time in Tm:YSAG ceramics and single crystal in 2018 . However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no systematic characterization of the Tm:YSAG transparent ceramics, such as the transmittance and emission spectra, which are very important for the application in the mid‐infrared laser.…”

“…[27][28][29][30][31][32] In particular, it is believed that the larger radius of the Sc 3+ compared with Al 3+ may increase the distance between lattice sites, which decreases the Tm-Tm interaction in highly doped Tm:YSAG single crystals. 33,34 The Tm:YSAG ceramics are potential mid-infrared laser materials, and some researches on the Tm:YSAG single crystals or ceramics have been reported. Morrison et al investigated the energy levels and branching ratios of Tm 3+ in the YSAG hosts in 1991.…”

Estimation of Sc3+ solubility in dodecahedral and octahedral sites in YSAG:Yb

“…According to papers, the Sc 3+ content in B position reached the 100 at.%. Some papers have reported garnet production with a Sc 3+ content in A position up to 17 at.%. However, contradictory data for the Y 3 Sc 2 Al 3 O 12 unit cell parameters, made necessary clarification of the scandium solubility limit in A and B positions.…”