Scanner model classification with characteristic brightness variations

Abstract

Analog documents and scanned digitized files are now considered equivalent in legal contexts, and the widespread supply of multi-functional printers has led to a surge in the use of scanned documents. With image editing tools, there has been more cases of forgery involving scanned files.

Interpol questioned documents review 2019–2022

“…This section exists independently in this review because it is now the subject of study within the field of FDE as examiners are called upon more and more to examine digital documents. In the period under review nine articles [ [647] , [648] , [649] , [650] , [651] , [652] , [653] , [654] , [655] ], 13 conference presentations [ [656] , [657] , [658] , [659] , [660] , [661] , [662] , [663] , [664] , [665] , [666] , [667] , [668] ], and five workshops [ [669] , [670] , [671] , [672] , [673] ] were dedicated to this subject.…”

“…Lee et al [ 648 ] extracted brightness variations from scanned digitized files to identify the scanner model. The color of digital image was separated into RGB and HIS, and then gradation and brightness adjustment were made.…”