Scanning and Actuation Techniques for Cantilever-Based Fiber Optic Endoscopic Scanners—A Review

Kaur, Mandeep; Lane, Pierre; Menon, Carlo

doi:10.3390/s21010251

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…For a cylindrical shaped scanner, the first resonant or natural frequency is given by:

where E , ρ , R and L are the Young’s modulus, density, radius and length of the cantilever, respectively, while β is a coefficient depending on the resonance mode selected. The free end of the cantilever followed deflection as described by Euler-Bernoulli beam theory [ 23 ].…”

Section: Working Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

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Submillimeter Sized 2D Electrothermal Optical Fiber Scanner

Kaur

Menon

2022

Sensors

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Optical scanners are used frequently in medical imaging units to examine and diagnose cancers, assist with surgeries, and detect lesions and malignancies. The continuous growth in optics along with the use of optical fibers enables fabrication of imaging devices as small as a few millimeters in diameter. Most forward viewing endoscopic scanners contain an optical fiber acting as cantilever which is vibrated at resonance. In many cases, more than one actuating element is used to vibrate the optical fiber in two directions giving a 2D scan. In this paper, it is proposed to excite the cantilever fiber using a single actuator and scan a 2D region from its vibrating tip. An electrothermal actuator is optimized to provide a bidirectional (horizontal and vertical) displacement to the cantilever fiber placed on it. A periodic current, having a frequency equal to the resonant frequency of cantilever fiber, was passed through the actuator. The continuous expansion and contraction of the actuator enabled the free end of fiber to vibrate in a circle like pattern. A small change in the actuation frequency permitted the scanning of the area inside the circle.

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“…For a cylindrical shaped scanner, the first resonant or natural frequency is given by:

Section: Working Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The different types of electrothermal actuators are discussed in detail in [ 23 ]. Among these, the U-shaped or hot-and-cold arm actuators are characterized by providing an in-plane bending moment at the free end or tip of the actuator.…”

Section: Working Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

Submillimeter Sized 2D Electrothermal Optical Fiber Scanner

Kaur

Menon

2022

Sensors

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“…While solutions for scanning systems are numerous and various, we are introducing them only shortly, as more extensive overviews in this particular topic are already available [52][53][54].…”

Section: Methods Of Scanning and Scanning Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Photon Endoscopy: State of the Art and Perspectives

et al. 2021

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In recent years, the demand for non-destructive deep-tissue imaging modalities has led to interest in multiphoton endoscopy. In contrast to bench top systems, multiphoton endoscopy enables subcellular resolution imaging in areas not reachable before. Several groups have recently presented their development towards the goal of producing user friendly plug and play system, which could be used in biological research and, potentially, clinical applications. We first present the technological challenges, prerequisites, and solutions in two-photon endoscopic systems. Secondly, we focus on the applications already found in literature. These applications mostly serve as a quality check of the built system, but do not answer a specific biomedical research question. Therefore, in the last part, we will describe our vision on the enormous potential applicability of adult two-photon endoscopic systems in biological and clinical research. We will thus bring forward the concept that two-photon endoscopy is a sine qua non in bringing this technique to the forefront in clinical applications.

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“…Assembly configuration and actuation method are the key factors in producing desired scanning pattern. A comprehensive review of various actuators' working principles used in cantilevered scanning systems was reported in [5]. Hence it is not covered in this paper.…”

Section: A Scanning Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reviews on these scanning systems are available in the literature during recent years, with each having its focus areas. For instance, Kaur et al reviews many aspects of a fiber cantilever-based endoscopic scanner, including imaging technologies, general principles of scanning patterns, potential applications [4], dynamics of a fiber cantilever system, and working physics of actuators [5]. Qiu and Piyawattanametha [6] focus on MEMS technology and describe the types of MEMS scanning mirror and MEMS actuator used for optical imaging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical-Mechanical Configuration of Imaging Operation for Endoscopic Scanner: A Review

Leong

Mokhtar²,

Zan

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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Miniaturized endoscopic scanners have had a significant impact on high-resolution optical imaging. Technological advancements in micro-electromechanical systems and optical fiber technology have resulted in various optical-mechanical configurations designed to fulfill specific requirements. However, it is still challenging to provide comprehensive, undistorted images with high-resolution images of target samples. This paper reviews the optical imaging techniques utilized in cantilever-based endoscopic scanners by analyzing and comparing their key performances, pros and cons, and corresponding optical components needed to develop the system. The concept of multimodal imaging is then highlighted by discussing its principle and current status in endoscopic scanners. We also reviewed the scanning configurations concerning their mechanical components, general structures, and drive signals for different scanning patterns. The feedback control aspect in endoscopic scanners is then addressed, with a discussion of its role in mitigating undesired nonlinear vibration effects and a survey of current implementations. Finally, we discuss the current and potential applications of endoscopic scanners, artificial intelligence techniques in image reconstruction, and disease detection and provide recommendations on endoscopic scanner system design for future reference.

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Scanning and Actuation Techniques for Cantilever-Based Fiber Optic Endoscopic Scanners—A Review

Cited by 31 publications

References 146 publications

Submillimeter Sized 2D Electrothermal Optical Fiber Scanner

Submillimeter Sized 2D Electrothermal Optical Fiber Scanner

Two-Photon Endoscopy: State of the Art and Perspectives

Optical-Mechanical Configuration of Imaging Operation for Endoscopic Scanner: A Review

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