Scanning electron microscopy of cells and tissues under fully hydrated conditions

Thiberge, Stephan Y.; Nechushtan, Amotz; Sprinzak, David; Gileadi, O.; Behar, Vered; Zik, Ory; Chowers, Yehuda; Michaeli, Shulamit; Schlessinger, Joseph; Moses, Elisha

doi:10.1073/pnas.0400088101

Cited by 227 publications

(207 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The intramyocellular lipid droplet area was measured in gastrocnemius muscles of P. obesus by the WetSEM technology (18). Comparison of muscle lipid content, a plausible marker of muscle insulin resistance (19,20), showed a marked heterogeneity in the lipid accumulation between different fibers in different animals with mean lipid droplet area, expressed as the percentage of total fiber area, ranging from 0.1 to 0.9%.…”

Section: Dietary and Genetic Effects On Insulin Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Psammomys Obesus, a Model for Environment-Gene Interactions in Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2005

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Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and progressive ␤-cell failure. Deficient insulin secretion, with increased proportions of insulin precursor molecules, is a common feature of type 2 diabetes; this could result from inappropriate ␤-cell function and/or reduced ␤-cell mass. Most studies using tissues from diabetic patients are retrospective, providing only limited information on the relative contribution of ␤-cell dysfunction versus decreased ␤-cell mass to the "␤-cell failure" of type 2 diabetes. The gerbil Psammomys obesus is a good model to address questions related to the role of insulin resistance and ␤-cell failure in nutritionally induced diabetes. Upon a change from its natural low-calorie diet to the calorie-rich laboratory food, P. obesus develops moderate obesity associated with postprandial hyperglycemia. Continued dietary load, superimposed on its innate insulin resistance, results in depletion of pancreatic insulin stores, with increased proportions of insulin precursor molecules in the pancreas and the blood. Inadequate response of the preproinsulin gene to the increased insulin needs is an important cause of diabetes progression. Changes in ␤-cell mass do not correlate with pancreatic insulin stores and are unlikely to play a role in disease initiation and progression. The major culprit is the inappropriate insulin production with depletion of insulin stores as a consequence. Similar mechanisms could operate during the evolution of type 2 diabetes in humans. Diabetes 54 (Suppl. 2):S137-S144, 2005 NUTRITION-INDUCED DIABETES IN PSAMMOMYS OBESUSPsammomys obesus is a diurnal gerbil that lives in North African and Eastern Mediterranean semi-desert regions. The Israeli P. obesus colony was established at the Hebrew University ϳ30 years ago from animals collected from the arid shores of the Dead Sea. In its native habitat, feeding mainly on the low-calorie Atriplex halimus plant, P. obesus is neither obese nor hyperglycemic. However, in captivity, when fed ad libitum calorie-rich rodent food, it exhibits a tendency to develop moderate obesity and postprandial hyperglycemia (1,2). The observation that not all animals develop hyperglycemia on the calorie-rich diet enabled the selection of two outbred lines of P. obesus by assorted breeding: a diabetes-prone (DP) line, in which Ͼ70% of the animals develop postprandial hyperglycemia within 4 -7 days of calorie-rich diet, and a diabetesresistant (DR) line, in which 60 -70% of the animals are normoglycemic despite the calorie-rich diet (3,4).Once postprandial hyperglycemia develops (nonfasted blood glucose Ͼ8.3 mmol/l), progression of diabetes is very rapid, reaching the end-stage of the disease, characterized by severe hypoinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, and ketosis, within 4 -6 weeks of initiating the calorie-rich diet ( Fig. 1) (5,6). Although islet destruction is clearly demonstrated at this terminal stage, no signs of autoimmunity are evident at any time (6,7). Hyperglycemia in P. obesus is reversible, except for the hypoinsulinemic end...

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Section: Dietary and Genetic Effects On Insulin Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Psammomys Obesus, a Model for Environment-Gene Interactions in Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2005

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“…This is achieved through the total separation of the sample from vacuum and the detection of backscattered electrons that provide information from the top 2-3 microns of the sample. 4 The technique allows the scanning of a large area in the atherosclerotic plaque and, then, by using a larger magnification, can provide a more detailed view of the selected area. In addition, this technique enables accurate quantification of both extra-and intra-cellular lipid accumulations in atherosclerotic lesions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 In contrast to these methods, the wet SEM technique allows the imaging of wet biological samples at atmospheric pressure. 4 The sample is isolated from the vacuum within the microscope. Consequently, there is no loss of water or change in material composition during the preparation and imaging of the sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of atherosclerotic lesions with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of wet tissue

Kamari

Cohen

Shaish

et al. 2008

Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research

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A therosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the universal leading cause of mortality and a major cause of morbidity. Additionally, the global epidemic of diabetes is associated with considerable cardiovascular mortality risk due to accelerated premature atherosclerosis.Development of effective therapies for atherosclerosis is dependent upon improved tools to assess atherosclerotic lesion progression in animal models. We present a novel technique that utilises scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for imaging wet biological specimens, thus enabling rapid and high-resolution imaging of atherosclerotic lesions. This wet SEM technique was used in an apoEdeficient mice model for morphological characterisation of early and advanced atherosclerotic lesions. Further demonstration of lipid-rich atherosclerotic lesions was carried out with osmium tetroxide staining for cholesterol. Gold immunolabelling of specific epitopes was applied in identification of the cellular and molecular components within the atherosclerotic lesions, namely foam cells, smooth muscle cells and collagen.The wet SEM technique demonstrates an accurate and detailed structural evaluation of the pathological process of atherosclerosis. Understanding the mechanisms that precipitate the atherosclerotic process, utilising this novel technique, may assist in the development of innovative therapeutic interventions for CVD management and prevention in the general population and in those with diabetes.

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“…The measurement of average particle size is based on a number average, and also the size distribution depends on the number of measured particles. Therefore, it is important to analyze enough particles to obtain statistically significant results [7,26,61,127,128,132,144]. Satpati et al worked on synthesis and investigation of nano-crystalline materials of the tobacco sample and its ash using high-resolution TEM and related techniques.…”

Section: Microscopy Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Instrumental approach toward understanding nano-pollutants

Naghdi

Metahni

Ouarda

et al. 2017

Nanotechnol. Environ. Eng.

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Nano-pollutants (NPLTs) have recently raised global concerns due to their possible harmful impact on environment and human health. However, until date, information on the occurrence, fate and toxicity of NPLTs in environment is scant. The knowledge gap can be attributed to the lack of advanced and sophisticated methodologies for the precise detection and characterization of NPLTs at lower concentration in complex matrices, such as surface water, wastewater, soil and food. This review briefly discusses the performance of classical methods for characterization and study of the properties of NPLTs. The important properties include shape, size, aggregation state, chemical composition and structure. Chromatographic, microscopic and spectroscopic techniques have been developed for detection and quantitative estimation of fabricated or naturally existed NPLTs in different matrices. Often, combination of these techniques is required for the separation, purification and accurate estimation. For better detection and understanding of the initial steps of interaction with the environmental matrices, pollution sources, such as wastewater and industrial discharges, must be selected as sampling points. Understanding the dynamics of agglomeration, and decantation will allow to estimate the plume of transport to delimit the potential effects.

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Scanning electron microscopy of cells and tissues under fully hydrated conditions

Cited by 227 publications

References 11 publications

Psammomys Obesus, a Model for Environment-Gene Interactions in Type 2 Diabetes

Psammomys Obesus, a Model for Environment-Gene Interactions in Type 2 Diabetes

Characterisation of atherosclerotic lesions with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of wet tissue

Instrumental approach toward understanding nano-pollutants

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