Scanning probe characterization of enzymes deposited onto step-bunched silicon nanostructures

Skorupska, Katarzyna; Lewerenz, H. J.; Vo‐Dinh, Tuan

doi:10.1088/0031-8949/79/06/065801

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…[42] The shape of the enzyme resembles a ring or a kidney, depending on the image perspective. [43] The electron microscopy picture in Figure 14 reveals the well known shape found in earlier TM AFM experiments which used a mechanical deposition procedure, that is, ring shaped molecules with a central hole. The size of the molecules in the range 30-40 nm is in good agreement with data from STM experiments on MoTe 2 substrates.…”

Section: Electrodeposition Of Reverse Transcriptases Ontomentioning

confidence: 62%

Fundamental Aspects of Electrodeposition for the Realization of Plasmonic Nanostructures

Muñoz¹,

Skorupska²,

Lewerenz³

2010

ChemPhysChem

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Electrodeposition is used for the preparation of nanoparticles and nanostructures that allow, in principle, surface plasmon excitation. The (photo)electrodeposition process of Rh and Au nanoparticles as well as of heterodimeric enzymes onto silicon surfaces is investigated and the resulting structures are discussed with regard to applications in photoelectroctalysis and biosensing. Electrodeposition of Rh onto H-terminated p-Si surfaces generates nanostructures of the metal nanoparticles with simultaneous oxidation of the substrate thus forming nano-dimensioned metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS)-type contacts. The excess minority carrier harvesting in these nanoemitter structures, where semispherical space charge layers underneath the metal exist are discussed based on spectral sensitivity and capacitance measurements The deposition of Au nanoparticles by a combined chemical-electrochemical method on Si is presented as an example for sensing actuators where the resonance frequency is changed by adsorption. Similarly, site-selective deposition of the enzyme reverse transcriptase onto nanostructured (step-bunched) silicon serves as precursor experiment for biosensing in a Kretschmann-type ATR configuration. Future applications based on plasmonically active structures are outlined.

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Section: Electrodeposition Of Reverse Transcriptases Ontomentioning

confidence: 62%

Fundamental Aspects of Electrodeposition for the Realization of Plasmonic Nanostructures

Muñoz¹,

Skorupska²,

Lewerenz³

2010

ChemPhysChem

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“…at step edges and kink sites ( fig. 12b), pointing to a role of electrostatic forces in the adsorption process [81]. The system was stable upon multiple scanning showing that the molecules were attached rather strongly to the surface.…”

Section: Ecs Transactions 21 (1) 35-56 (2009)mentioning

confidence: 93%

Nanostructure Approaches for Photoelectrocatalysis

2009

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Processes, relevant for light-induced fuel generation (water photoelectrolysis, CO 2 reduction) are shortly reviewed. Stabilization strategies for development of efficient tandem cell structures that are based on non-oxidic semiconductors are presented. The recently introduced nanoemitter concept that involves surface passivation by a nanoporous film is described and first results on lightinduced hydrogen generation with p-Si(100) and p-InP(100):2x4 thin films are given. Solar-to-hydrogen efficiencies reach 14% for homoepitaxial InP thin films covered with Rh nanoislands. In the pursuit to develop biologically inspired systems, successful enzyme immobilization at an electrochemically nanostructured Si surface that shows step bunching has been achieved as evidenced by tapping mode atomic force microscopy. Background and introductory remarksCatalysis is known since long and processes and definitions reach back into the 19 th and early 20 th century [1][2][3][4]. In the current situation, three major routes are followed. Among them is still the use of noble metals with established catalytic properties such as Pt, Rh, Ir or Ru [5][6][7]. Although considered scarce and expensive, architectures and recycling processes (compare traditional photography [8]) can be envisaged and have partly been realized that make such systems cost efficient [9]. In a second approach, the accumulating information on the composition, reaction centers, reaction intermediates and on excitation energy transfer, learned from photosynthesis [10] is used as guiding principle for development of low cost, abundant material photelectrocatalysis [11]. It should be kept in mind, however, that the efficiency of, for example, CO 2 reduction by plants corresponds to an electrochemical current of ~2µA, much too small for any serious application [12] and that the water oxidase in photosystem II has to be regenerated in about every 30 minutes [13]. Also, conversion efficiency is lost in an entropic way in photosynthesis related to the creation and maintainance of highly ordered structures. Also, an artificial photosynthetically active system will have to possess a considerably increased robustness and an architecture that is scalable for terrestrial applications. Finally, the field is also characterized by a considerable effort is made in what could be called a guided combinatorial approach where, based on experience and incidental findings, classes of materials are investigated that are considered promising. This includes the extensive work on transition metal oxides and their modification towards increased photon absorption [14].

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“…This indicates a spatially inhomogeneous distribution of the surface charge in the accumulation layer having its maximum values around step edges. This property of the surface has been used for site -specifi c adsorption of heterodimeric enzymes in a precursor experiment for biologically inspired solar fuel generation systems [216] .…”

Section: Step Bunched Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring of Interfaces for the Photoelectrochemical Conversion of Solar Energy

Lewerenz

2010

Advances in Electrochemical Sciences and Engineering

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IntroductionIn the search for terrestrially applicable carbon -neutral energy sources, photoelectrochemical systems exhibit several advantageous features: examples are the facilitated junction formation at the electrolyte interface, the scalability typically achieved by self -organized processes at the solid -liquid boundary [1, 2] , lowtemperature processing, and the in situ preparation and optimization of specifi c interface conditions [3,4] . In addition, photoelectrochemical solar cells can operate in the photovoltaic [5 -9] as well as in the photoelectrocatalytic [10 -14] mode. The latter is of particular importance because global energy consumption is clearly dominated by the use of fuels compared to electricity [15] . Due to stability issues when operating a solar cell at a reactive phase boundary, such as a semiconductor -electrolyte contact, photovoltaic electrochemical solar cells have technologically not been realized despite the existence of systems that have demonstrated extended stability under operation [4,7] . As limited thermodynamic stability is also a factor for solar fuel generating devices, a general strategy is needed for the future implementation of photoelectrochemical solar energy conversion systems.At the present stage of the fi eld, a multifaceted approach appears mandatory which focuses on fundamental research regarding charge and excitation energy transfer [16 -18] , materials development, particularly in conjunction with the developments in nanoscience [19 -23] , and control of interface behavior [24 -26] . This latter aspect will be the focus of the present chapter.Besides the investigation of fundamental properties of the solid -liquid interface, the situation with a rapidly deteriorating atmospheric situation [27] also demands the use of rational screening methods for the identifi cation and examination of novel photoactive materials, material combinations, and composites [28 -30] . It is obvious that a large -scale and international research and development effort is 2 Advances in Electrochemical Science and Engineering. Edited

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Scanning probe characterization of enzymes deposited onto step-bunched silicon nanostructures

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Fundamental Aspects of Electrodeposition for the Realization of Plasmonic Nanostructures

Fundamental Aspects of Electrodeposition for the Realization of Plasmonic Nanostructures

Nanostructure Approaches for Photoelectrocatalysis

Tailoring of Interfaces for the Photoelectrochemical Conversion of Solar Energy

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