The effects of the grain size on the fatigue fracture behaviors in extruded AZ31B alloys were investigated. The mean grain sizes are 4.7 mm in F-specimen, 15 mm in M-specimen and 23 mm in C-specimen, respectively. The fatigue tests with R ¼ À1 were carried out with a plane fatigue bending machine, which was originally developed for thin sheet specimen. S-N curves show that the fatigue limit of the F-, the M-and the C-specimens were estimated as 160 MPa, 150 MPa and 150 MPa, respectively. The F-specimen had the highest fatigue limit in the present alloys. On the other hand, the fatigue life in low cycle region of the F-specimen is shorter than those of the M-and C-specimens. Striation-likepatterns were observed on the fracture surfaces in all of the specimens, although the grain sizes were different. Twin was not observed in the Fspecimen, but it was near the crack in the C-specimen. Consequently, twinning under the fatigue test depends on the grain size, and it affects the fatigue life of AZ31B alloys.