Scanning Slit Confocal Microscopic Observation of Cell Morphology and Movement within the Normal Human Anterior Cornea

Auran, James D.; Koester, Charles J.; Kleiman, Norman J.; Rapaport, Rachel; Bomann, J. Scott; Wirotsko, Barbara M.; Florakis, George J.; Koniarek, Jan P.

doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(95)31057-3

Cited by 150 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Although no such correlation was detected here, the changes produced both in Langerhans cell and nerve numbers in the midperipheral cornea are compatible with the notion that Langerhans cells use nerve structures to move inside the cornea. 39 The corneal sensitivity values recorded here were within normal limits, though slightly lower than reported for soft contact lens wearers 19 and normal corneas. 41 No significant intergroup differences in this variable were observed at baseline.…”

Section: Table 3 Parameter Values Previous To the Ok Treatment And Csupporting

confidence: 52%

“…Auran et al 39 provided evidence of axon growth in the SBNP for the first time, raising the possibility that both nerve fibers and Langerhans cells migrate centripetally in tandem. Subsequent to this, Torii et al 40 reported correlation between Langerhans cells and epidermal nerves, whereas He et al 35 observed scarce contact between dendritic cells and corneal nerves in ex vivo corneas.…”

Section: Table 3 Parameter Values Previous To the Ok Treatment And Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short-Term Effects of Overnight Orthokeratology on Corneal Sub-basal Nerve Plexus Morphology and Corneal Sensitivity

Nombela-Palomo¹,

Felipe-Marquez²,

Hernández-Verdejo³

et al. 2018

Eye &Amp; Contact Lens: Science &Amp; Clinical Practice

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Objective: To assess the effects of a short period of orthokeratology (OK) on corneal subbasal nerve plexus (SBNP) morphology and corneal sensitivity. Methods: Measurements were made in 56 right eyes of 56 subjects with low-to-moderate myopia who wore 2 OK lens designs (Group CRT: HDS 100 Paragon CRT, n¼35; Group SF: Seefree; n¼21) for a period of 1 month and in 15 right eyes of noncontact lens wearers as controls. The variables determined in each participant were corneal sensitivity using a Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer and 12 SBNP variables determined on laser scanning confocal microscopy images using 3 different software packages. Correlation between SBNP architecture and corneal sensitivity was also examined. Results: Few changes were observed over the 1-month period in the variables examined in the OK treatment and control groups. However, significant reductions were detected over time in the number of nerves in the central cornea in the groups CRT (P¼0.029) and SF (P¼0.043) and in central corneal sensitivity in CRT (P¼0.047) along with significant increases in central and midperipheral corneal Langerhans cell counts in SF (P¼0.001 and 0.048, respectively). Conclusions: This study provides useful data to better understand the anatomical changes induced by OK in corneal SBNP. The different response observed to the 2 OK lens designs requires further investigation.

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Section: Table 3 Parameter Values Previous To the Ok Treatment And Csupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Table 3 Parameter Values Previous To the Ok Treatment And Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Term Effects of Overnight Orthokeratology on Corneal Sub-basal Nerve Plexus Morphology and Corneal Sensitivity

Nombela-Palomo¹,

Felipe-Marquez²,

Hernández-Verdejo³

et al. 2018

Eye &Amp; Contact Lens: Science &Amp; Clinical Practice

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This was estimated to be 28 µm/d from observations of one human subject over 24 h using in vivo confocal microscopy [61] . For mouse corneas, the rate of centripetal movement has been estimated as 11-26 µm/d using three different approaches involving direct observations of labelled cells.…”

Section: Movement Of Corneal Epithelial Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating alternative stem cell hypotheses for adult corneal epithelial maintenance

West¹,

Dora²,

Collinson

2015

WJSC

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In this review we evaluate evidence for three different hypotheses that explain how the corneal epithelium is maintained. The limbal epithelial stem cell (LESC) hypothesis is most widely accepted. This proposes that stem cells in the basal layer of the limbal epithelium, at the periphery of the cornea, maintain themselves and also produce transient (or transit) amplifying cells (TACs). TACs then move centripetally to the centre of the cornea in the basal layer of the corneal epithelium and also replenish cells in the overlying suprabasal layers. The LESCs maintain the corneal epithelium during normal homeostasis and become more active to repair significant wounds. Second, the corneal epithelial stem cell (CESC) hypothesis postulates that, during normal homeostasis, stem cells distributed throughout the basal corneal epithelium, maintain the tissue. According to this hypothesis, LESCs are present in the limbus but are only active during wound healing. We also consider a third possibility, that the corneal epithelium is maintained during normal homeostasis by proliferation of basal corneal epithelial cells without any input from stem cells. After reviewing the published evidence, we conclude that the LESC and CESC hypotheses are consistent with more of the evidence than the third hypothesis, so we do not consider this further. The LESC and CESC hypotheses each have difficulty accounting for one main type of evidence so we evaluate the two key lines of evidence that discriminate between them. Finally, we discuss how lineage-tracing experiments have begun to resolve the debate in favour of the LESC hypothesis. Nevertheless, it also seems likely that some basal corneal epithelial cells can act as long-term progenitors if limbal stem cell function is compromised. Thus, this aspect of the CESC hypothesis may have a lasting impact on our understanding of corneal epithelial maintenance, even if it is eventually shown that stem cells are restricted to the limbus as proposed by the LESC hypothesis.

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“…17 In contrast, corneal epithelium is a relatively flattened epithelium that overlies a compact 'plywood-like' and avascular stroma. 17 Specifically, the limbal basal cells are biochemically primitive lacking the corneal epithelial differentiation-associated keratin K3; 9 they contain a subpopulation of cells that rarely cycle and thus can be detected as the label-retaining (slow-cycling) cells; 2,4,8 they have a high proliferative capacity both in vivo and in vitro; [17][18][19] they represent the predominant site of corneal tumour formation; 20,21 they are essential for the long-term maintenance of the corneal epithelium and can be used to reconstitute the entire corneal epithelium in patients with limbal stem cell deficiencies (for review see Tseng and Sun 22 ); they give rise to TA cells that undergo centripetal migration; 23,24 they are located in a specialized 'niche' characterized by a loose and wellvascularized stroma; 17 and they can rescue/reconstitute severely damaged or completely lost corneal epithelium upon transplantation. [25][26][27] Conversely, the corneal epithelium lacks label-retaining cells; has a lower proliferative capacity than the limbal epithelium; has a basal cell population that is biochemically more differentiated than the limbal basal cells, and almost never gives rise to tumours (for reviews see Lehrer et al, 2 Miller et al, 13 and Pellegrini et al…”

Section: Slow-cycling: a Useful Feature For Detecting Epithelial Stemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epithelial stem cells: the eye provides a vision

Lavker

Sun

2003

Eye

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Epithelial stem cells play a central role in tissue homeostasis, wound repair, and carcinogenesis. Corneal epithelial stem cells have been demonstrated to reside in the limbal epithelium, while the fornical zone of the conjunctiva appears to be a predominant site of conjunctival epithelial stem cells. Stem cells of the corneal and conjunctival epithelia, as well as the hair follicle and interfollicular epidermis share important features: they are capable of self renewal; they are relatively quiescent (slow-cycling); they can be induced to proliferate; and they are multipotent. Its becoming apparent that a certain degree of flexibility exists between corneal and hair follicle keratinocytes. Eye (2003) 17, 937-942.

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Scanning Slit Confocal Microscopic Observation of Cell Morphology and Movement within the Normal Human Anterior Cornea

Cited by 150 publications

References 13 publications

Short-Term Effects of Overnight Orthokeratology on Corneal Sub-basal Nerve Plexus Morphology and Corneal Sensitivity

Short-Term Effects of Overnight Orthokeratology on Corneal Sub-basal Nerve Plexus Morphology and Corneal Sensitivity

Evaluating alternative stem cell hypotheses for adult corneal epithelial maintenance

Epithelial stem cells: the eye provides a vision

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