“…The adsorption and self-assembly of organic molecules on metal and semiconductor surfaces have been investigated extensively in the past two decades. In particular, in the area of nanotechnology, surface-induced structure changes as well as the packing rearrangement of organic adsorbates affect the properties of nanodevices. − For example, the electronic properties, including the charge transport between molecules, charge injection, and optical properties, are dependent on the orientation of the molecules relative to the substrate surface, the formation of domain structures, and surface order . It is generally concluded that more ordered materials give rise to better performance of the electronic devices.…”