Scaphanocephalus-associated dermatitis as the basis for black spot disease in Acanthuridae of St. Kitts, West Indies

Abstract

Diplostomatidae and Heterophyidae in temperate and tropical freshwater fishes (Gratzek 2010, Poynton & Hoffman 2010). In contrast, most reports of black spot disease in marine tropical fish implicate turbellarians rather than digenean metacercariae (Cannon & Lester 1988, Justine et al. 2009). Furthermore, pigmented skin lesions may also be noninfectious, resulting, for example, from previous skin injury or from neoplasia of chromatophores (Work & Aeby 2014).

Scaphanocephalus spp. (Trematoda: Opisthorchiidae) in intermediate and definitive hosts of the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico, with a re-description of Scaphanocephalus expansus

“…2 (MN160570) by Dennis et al . (2019) from the acanthurid A. chirurgus in the Caribbean Sea nested as sister taxon of S. expansus from the scarid S. chrysopterum in the same geographical region as reported by Kohl et al . (2019).…”

“…Our LSU phylogenetic analyses unequivocally corroborated that Scaphanocephalus is monophyletic and belongs to Opisthorchiidae. Dennis et al (2019) performed the first molecular phylogenetic analysis including two lineages of Scaphanocephalus, recognizing to separate species as Scaphanocephalus sp. 1 and Scaphanocephalus sp.…”

“…The genus Scaphanocephalus was originally considered a member of Heterophyidae (Pearson, 2008; Dennis et al . 2019). However, Sokolov et al .…”

“…Dennis et al . (2019) performed the first molecular phylogenetic analysis including two lineages of Scaphanocephalus , recognizing to separate species as Scaphanocephalus sp. 1 and Scaphanocephalus sp.…”

Taxonomic myths and phylogenetic realities in the systematics of the Opisthorchiidae (Trematoda)

“…Phylogenetic analyses based on ribosomal 18S and 28S rRNA gene sequence data and complete mitochondrial genome sequence data do not support the monophyly of the subfamily Opisthorchiinae (e.g. Dennis et al, 2019;Fu et al, 2019;Le et al, 2019;Ma et al, 2019;Na et al, 2016;Sokolov et al, 2021;Tatonova et al, 2020;Wu et al, 2020).…”