Scapular Kinematics During Late Cocking of a Simulated Throwing Activity in Baseball Players With Shoulder Injury: A Cross-Sectional Study Using a 3D-to-2D Registration Technique

Saka, Masayuki; Yamauchi, Hiroki; Yoshioka, Toru; Hamada, Hirofumi; Gamada, Kazuyoshi

doi:10.1123/jsr.2013-0056

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…A single experienced researcher embedded the local coordinate system of the glenoid and humerus onto the 3D bone models using the 3D-Aligner software (GLAB Corp., Higashihiroshima, Japan). Humerus coordinates were set with their origin at the center of the humeral head, a Y-axis parallel to the humeral shaft, and an X-axis passing through the center of the intertubercular groove [ 22 ]. Scapular coordinates were set with their origin at the center of the scapular glenoid cavity, a Y-axis parallel with a line connecting the topmost and lowermost edges of the glenoid cavity, and a Z-axis parallel to a line connecting the anterior-most and posterior-most edges of the glenoid cavity [ 22 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic three-dimensional shoulder kinematics in patients with massive rotator cuff tears: a comparison of patients with and without subscapularis tears

Yamada

Kai

Kida

et al. 2022

Clin Shoulder Elbow

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Background: Massive rotator cuff tears (MRCTs) with subscapularis (SSC) tears cause severe shoulder dysfunction. In the present study, the influence of SSC tears on three-dimensional (3D) shoulder kinematics during scapular plane abduction in patients with MRCTs was examined.Methods: This study included 15 patients who were divided into two groups: supraspinatus (SSP) and infraspinatus (ISP) tears with SSC tear (torn SSC group: 10 shoulders) or without SSC tear (intact SSC group: 5 shoulders). Single-plane fluoroscopic images during scapular plane elevation and computed tomography (CT)-derived 3D bone models were matched to the fluoroscopic images using two-dimensional (2D)/3D registration techniques. Changes in 3D kinematic results were compared.Results: The humeral head center at the beginning of arm elevation was significantly higher in the Torn SSC group than in the Intact SSC group (1.8±3.4 mm vs. −1.1±1.6 mm, p<0.05). In the Torn SSC group, the center of the humeral head migrated superiorly, then significantly downward at 60° arm elevation (p<0.05). In the Intact SSC group, significant difference was not observed in the superior-inferior translation of the humeral head between the elevation angles.Conclusions: In cases of MRCTs with a torn SSC, the center of the humeral head showed a superior translation at the initial phase of scapular plane abduction followed by inferior translation. These findings indicate the SSC muscle plays an important role in determining the dynamic stability of the glenohumeral joint in a superior-inferior direction in patients with MRCTs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic three-dimensional shoulder kinematics in patients with massive rotator cuff tears: a comparison of patients with and without subscapularis tears

Yamada

Kai

Kida

et al. 2022

Clin Shoulder Elbow

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“…The RMS error observed in this study was an in-plane error of 0.12 mm and an out-of-plane error of 0.61 mm, which are comparable to previous validation studies. [23] Statistical Analysis…”

Section: Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High in-plane accuracy is a strong point of these techniques employing single-plane radiographic imaging, with a reported accuracy of 0.47 mm and 1.53 mm for in-plane and out-of-plane translations, respectively, and 0.76° and 3.72° for in-plane and out-ofplane rotations, respectively. [23] Previous studies [20,22] that used this method limited tear sizes to medium or large rotator cuff tears. None of the studies we found analyzed the effect of subscapularis tears on joint dynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Three-Dimensional Shoulder Kinematics In Patients With Massive Rotator Cuff Tears: A Comparison of Patients With And Without Subscapularis Tears

Yamada

Kai

Kida

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Massive rotator cuff tears (MRCTs) with subscapularis tears cause severe shoulder dysfunction. This study aimed to examine the influence of subscapularis tears on 3D shoulder kinematics during scapular plane abduction in patients with MRCTs.Methods: Fifteen patients were enrolled and were divided into two groups: supraspinatus and infraspinatus tears either with subscapularis tear (Torn Subscapularis group: 10 shoulders) or without subscapularis tear (Intact Subscapularis group: 5 shoulders). Single-plane fluoroscopic images during scapular plane elevation and computed tomography-derived 3D bone models were matched to the fluoroscopic images using 2D/3D registration techniques. Changes in 3D kinematic results were compared.Results: The humeral head center at the beginning of arm elevation was significantly higher in the Torn Subscapularis group than in the Intact Subscapularis group (1.8 ± 3.4 mm vs. −1.1 ± 1.6 mm, respectively, P < 0.05). In the Torn Subscapularis group, the center of the humeral head migrated superiorly, then significantly downward at 60° arm elevation (P < 0.05). In the Intact Subscapularis group, there was no significant difference in the superior-inferior translation of the humeral head between the elevation angles.Conclusions: In cases of MRCT with a torn subscapularis, the center of the humeral head showed a superior translation at the initial phase of scapular plane abduction, subsequently, there was inferior translation. These findings suggest that the subscapularis muscle plays an important role in determining the glenohumeral joint’s dynamic stability in a superior-inferior direction in patients with MRCTs.

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“…Scapula and humerus movements are multiplanar (3-dimensional [3D]), coupled and coordinated during arm elevation [12], and hence believed to be equally so during overhead throwing. Evaluations of 3D scapular kinematics in overhead throwers have thus evolved from simple humeral positioning in the frontal, sagittal, or scapular planes to humeral motion in the horizontal plane (shoulder internal/external rotation) with the arm at 90 • of abduction [13,14] and, ultimately, simulation of a throwing action [15][16][17][18]. In an overhead throw, the scapula appears to externally rotate, upwardly rotate, and posteriorly tilt during the early cocking phase of the cycle, progresses into internal rotation after maximum humeral horizontal abduction and reaches the highest posterior tilting at the late cocking phase (maximum humeral external rotation).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Diagonal Movement Pattern of Arm Elevation and Depression in Overhead Throwing Athletes: An Exploratory Kinematic Analysis for Clinical Application

Morais,

Ferreira,

Gordo

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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Assessing scapular position and motion during functional arm movement patterns may add relevant information to the evaluation of the clinical status and athletic performance of overhead sports athletes’ shoulders. This study aimed to examine the three-dimensional scapular kinematics of elite volleyball players with (n = 11) and without scapular dyskinesis (n = 11) in comparison to non-athletes (n = 27). Four distinct arm elevation/depression tasks were assessed: shoulder abduction/adduction, flexion/extension, scaption, and a diagonal movement pattern mimicking throwing (proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation diagonal 2 for flexion/extension or PNF–D2–flx/ext). Kinematic data was recorded from the spiking/dominant shoulder using an electromagnetic system (FASTRAK, Polhemus Inc., Colchester, VT, USA); MotionMonitor v9 software, Innovative Sports Training, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The study compared scapular rotations at 15° intervals of humero-thoracic (HT) angles, ranging from minimum to 120°. Significantly different 3D scapular kinematics were observed between traditional arm motion tasks and PNF–D2 arm motion task (HT angle × task interaction effect, p < 0.001, 0.275 ≤ ηp2 ≤ 0.772). However, when considering the combined influence of phase, HT angle, task, and group factors, no differences were found between groups (phase × HT angle × task × group, p ≥ 0.161, 0.032 ≤ ηp2 ≤ 0.058). The inclusion of a functional arm movement pattern when evaluating scapular position and movement in overhead athletes does not appear to be mandatory. However, these findings are preliminary and highlight the need for more research in this area.

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Scapular Kinematics During Late Cocking of a Simulated Throwing Activity in Baseball Players With Shoulder Injury: A Cross-Sectional Study Using a 3D-to-2D Registration Technique

Abstract: Compared with that in the contralateral shoulder, scapular external rotation was smaller in the throwing shoulder, which would increase glenohumeral horizontal abduction during the arm-cocking phase and be related to the throwing-shoulder disorder.

Cited by 11 publications

References 38 publications

Dynamic three-dimensional shoulder kinematics in patients with massive rotator cuff tears: a comparison of patients with and without subscapularis tears

Dynamic three-dimensional shoulder kinematics in patients with massive rotator cuff tears: a comparison of patients with and without subscapularis tears

Dynamic Three-Dimensional Shoulder Kinematics In Patients With Massive Rotator Cuff Tears: A Comparison of Patients With And Without Subscapularis Tears

A Diagonal Movement Pattern of Arm Elevation and Depression in Overhead Throwing Athletes: An Exploratory Kinematic Analysis for Clinical Application

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