No abstract

Background:Humeral retroversion angles determined by previous techniques are varied and/or biased by morphologic variations of the proximal and distal humerus, and their validity should be revisited. To overcome the limitations of previous studies associated with 2-dimensional (2D) images and the reference axes, a 3-dimensional (3D) measurement of humeral retroversion is required. However, comparisons of 2D imaging methods with the 3D computed tomography (CT) measurement as a reference standard have not been heretofore performed.Purpose:To determine whether the 3D CT humeral retroversion angle in baseball players is correlated with conventional humeral retroversion measurements.Study Design:Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2.Methods:A total of 28 humeri from 14 male baseball players were used for measuring humeral retroversion. Participants underwent CT scans, and geometric bone models were created for measuring the 3D CT humeral retroversion angle. Using CT slices, the 2D CT humeral retroversion angle was also determined. Bicipital forearm angle was assessed using the indirect ultrasound technique. Linear regressions and Bland-Altman plots were used to determine whether there were agreements among 3 variables: the 3D CT retroversion, 2D CT retroversion, and bicipital forearm angles.Results:In linear regression analyses, the 3D humeral retroversion angle was not predicted by the 2D CT retroversion (R = 0.167, R 2 = 0.028, P = .395) or the bicipital forearm angle (R = 0.049, R 2 = 0.002, P = .805). The bias of these 2 methods was 20.9° and –15.3°, respectively. Regression analysis demonstrated that the bicipital forearm angle was a significant predictor of the 2D CT retroversion angle (R = 0.632, R 2 = 0.400, P < .001).Conclusion:The 3D CT humeral retroversion angle was found to be underestimated by the 2D CT retroversion angle and overestimated by the bicipital forearm angle obtained by the indirect ultrasound, although a previously observed relationship between the 2D CT retroversion and bicipital forearm angles was confirmed.Clinical Relevance:Precise measurement of humeral retroversion angle is important because retroversion has been linked to upper extremity disorders, including throwing-related shoulder and elbow disorders in baseball players.

Compared with that in the contralateral shoulder, scapular external rotation was smaller in the throwing shoulder, which would increase glenohumeral horizontal abduction during the arm-cocking phase and be related to the throwing-shoulder disorder.

Objective: The aim of this piece of work is to study the contribution of pelvic ultrasound while exploring pelvic pathologies at Hubert Koutoukou Maga Teaching University Hospital "CNHU-HKM" and at the Teaching University Hospital of Mother and Child "CHU-MEL" of Cotonou. Patients and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional and analytical study with prospective collection was carried out at the University Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics "CUGO" at the CNHU-HKM and in the gynecology department of the CHU-MEL, over a period of 4 months (May to August 2018). We included in this study women over 12 years old who performed a pelvic ultrasound and were followed in the aforementioned health centers. Results: The population of the study consisted of 181 patients. The pelvic ultrasound request frequency was 18.84% compared to all ultrasound examinations. The age group of 25-29 years old was the most represented (22.10%). Pelvic pain was the first motive for pelvic ultrasound request (39.8%). The abnormalities found by ultrasound were uterine and ovarian respectively in 55.4% and 38% of cases. Uterine pathology was dominated by uterine myoma (44%). Ovarian cyst (13%) and ovarian dystrophy (14%) were the main ovarian pathologies. There was a statistically significant relationship between certain reasons for consultation, mainly metrorrhagia, dysmenorrhoea, amenorrhoea, leucorrhoea (p < 5%) and the ultrasound result. Conclusion: The ultrasound remains the first choice examination and is of a great value in exploring pelvic pathologies. In most cases, it helps to find the responsible lesion and to make the appropriate therapeutic decisions.