Scatter loss from environmental degradation of KDP crystals

Wheeler, Elizabeth K.; McWhirter, J.T.; Whitman, Pamela K.; Thorsness, C.B.; Yoreo, James J. De; Thomas, Ian M.; Hester, M.

doi:10.1117/12.379328

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Antireflective durability is another important property of AR coatings. Owing to the high porosity (about 50−60%) and hydroxyl groups existing on the base-catalyzed silica particles, AR coatings are hydrophilic, possess high specific surfaces areas, and therefore easily adsorb water molecules from the environment. The adsorbed water displaces air in the pores of AR coatings, resulting in an increase of the refractive index and hence optical thickness of the coating, which causes a shift of the maximum transmittance wavelength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sol−Gel Preparation of PDMS/Silica Hybrid Antireflective Coatings with Controlled Thickness and Durable Antireflective Performance

et al. 2010

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Thick silica antireflective (AR) coatings with controlled thickness and durable AR performance were prepared by a base-catalyzed sol-gel process using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as precursor and hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a modifier. The addition of PDMS greatly increased the controllable viscosity range of the silica sol but did not obviously affect the particle size. This phenomenon is attributed to a "compulsive aggregation" process of the sol, which involves the formation of "PDMS bridges" between silica particles in the sol. The mechanism of "PDMS bridge" formation is proposed based on sol viscosity, sol particle size changes, and FTIR identification. The increased controllable viscosity range provided a convenient way to prepare AR coatings with controlled thickness and therefore with controlled wavelength of maximum transmittance. The introduction of PDMS into the silica sol also increased the hydrophobicity and hence the durability of the AR coatings in wet environments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sol−Gel Preparation of PDMS/Silica Hybrid Antireflective Coatings with Controlled Thickness and Durable Antireflective Performance

et al. 2010

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“…However, many etch pits (as shown in the red circle parts of Figure (b)), generally several micrometers and a few hundred nanometers deep, developed at the KDP surface beneath the porous HMDS_SiO 2 coating after 6 months exposure in a humid environment. The geometries of the pits depend on the crystal surface orientation. , This phenomenon provides further evidence that the surface etching should be responsible for the degradation of optical property. On the other hand, almost no change appears on the surface of the double-layer HMDS_SiO 2 /PS coating coated KDP after exposure in a humid environment for 6 months (Figure (d)).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Sol–Gel Preparation of Laser Damage Resistant and Moisture-Proof Antireflective Coatings for KDP Crystals

et al. 2018

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Surface fogging induced degradation has been a bottleneck problem in potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystals due to they are grown from aqueous solution. In this paper, we developed a facile method to prepare a double-layer antireflective coating with moisture-proof and laser damage resistant properties for KDP crystals. The bottom layer was a poly siloxane coating with dense structure and silanol side groups, while the top layer was a hexamethyl-disilazane (HMDS) modified nanoporous SiO coating. Both of the sols were nonalkaline and nonaqueous to make sure those are harmless to KDP crystals. The double-layer coated KDP crystal exhibited a maximum transmittance of 99.9% with an average increase of transmitted light of 6-7% over the wavelength range between 351 and 1053 nm. After exposure in a 55% relative humidity environment for 6 months, the double-layer HMDS_SiO/PS coating coated KDP crystal displayed nearly the same optical transmittance as the original one, whereas the single-layer HMDS_SiO coated KDP crystal had a transmittance loss of ∼5%. Moreover, the laser-induced damage threshold of the double-layer coating on KDP crystal reached 11.5 J/cm (355 nm, 3 ns). This multifunctional antireflective coating not only can be used for KDP crystals, but also can be applied to thermal-sensitive polymeric substrates.

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“…Owing to the high porosity and hydroxyl groups existing on the base-catalyzed silica particles [12], AR coatings are hydrophilic, and possess high specific surface areas, and therefore easily adsorb water or organic molecules from the environment. The adsorbed molecules displace air in the pores of AR coatings, leading to an increase in the refractive index and hence optical thickness of the coating, which causes a shift of the maximum transmittance wavelength and decreases optical performances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sol–gel preparation of moisture-resistant antireflective coatings from novel hollow silica nanoparticles

Tao

Yan

Yuan

et al. 2016

J Sol-Gel Sci Technol

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In this study, a simple approach was developed to prepare hollow silica nanoparticles (HSNs) sols via a one-step base-catalyzed sol-gel process using methyltriethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilicate as co-precursors. The prepared sols were suitable for large-area processing with ease of antireflective (AR) coating and being directly applicable without requiring any pre-or post-treatment. AR coatings were dip coated on K9 glasses from these sols. Furthermore, AR coatings were intrinsically hydrophobic with static water contact angles up to 126.5°on the smooth K9 glass. A particle growth mechanism of the hybrid HSNs was proposed, and the relationship between the microstructure of HSNs and the properties of AR coatings was investigated. These AR coatings with relatively excellent AR properties and improved moisture resistance were useful in solar cells, low-cost electronics, and optical devices. Graphical Abstract

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Scatter loss from environmental degradation of KDP crystals

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Sol−Gel Preparation of PDMS/Silica Hybrid Antireflective Coatings with Controlled Thickness and Durable Antireflective Performance

Sol−Gel Preparation of PDMS/Silica Hybrid Antireflective Coatings with Controlled Thickness and Durable Antireflective Performance

Sol–Gel Preparation of Laser Damage Resistant and Moisture-Proof Antireflective Coatings for KDP Crystals

Sol–gel preparation of moisture-resistant antireflective coatings from novel hollow silica nanoparticles

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