Scattered X-Rays as Internal Standards in X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy

Andermann, G.; Kemp, Jeff

doi:10.1021/ac60140a001

Cited by 258 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Radiation scattered by the sample can be used as an internal standard to correct for the effects of self-absorption and geometrical variations on measured XRF signal (Andermann andKemp 1958, Bui et al 1989). We have previously demonstrated the usefulness of this technique for this application; the accuracy of concentration measurement was found to improve by 71% on performing the scatter correction (Ricketts et al 2012).…”

Section: Gold Nanoparticle Imaging Procedurementioning

confidence: 99%

An x-ray fluorescence imaging system for gold nanoparticle detection

et al. 2013

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Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) may be used as a contrast agent to identifytumour location and can be modified to target-and image-specific tumour biological parameters. There are currently no imaging systems in the literature that have sufficient sensitivity to GNP concentration and distribution measurement at sufficient tissue depth for use in in vivo and in vitro studies. We have demonstrated that high detecting sensitivity of GNPs can be achieved using x-ray fluorescence; furthermore this technique enables higher depth imaging in comparison to optical modalities. Two x-ray fluorescence systems were developed and used to image a range of GNP imaging phantoms. The first system consisted of a 10 mm 2 silicon drift detector coupled to a slightly focusing polycapillary optic which allowed 2D energy resolved imaging in step and scan mode. The system has sensitivity to GNP concentrations as low as 1 ppm. GNP concentrations different by a factor of 5 could be resolved, offering potential to distinguish tumour from non-tumour. The second system was designed to avoid slow step and scan image acquisition; the feasibility of excitation of the whole specimen with a wide beam and detection of the fluorescent x-rays with a pixellated controlled drift energy resolving detector without scanning was investigated. A parallel polycapillary optic coupled to the detector was successfully used to ascertain the position where fluorescence was emitted. The tissue penetration of the technique was demonstrated to be sufficient for nearsurface small-animal studies, and for imaging 3D in vitro cellular constructs. Previous work demonstrates strong potential for both imaging systems to form quantitative images of GNP concentration.

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Section: Gold Nanoparticle Imaging Procedurementioning

confidence: 99%

An x-ray fluorescence imaging system for gold nanoparticle detection

et al. 2013

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“…The program COREX [9], which uses back scattered peaks and fundamental parameters, was Am-241 source, were calculated using the Compton scattered peak as internal standard [10]. As the composition of ceramic samples are generally similar to that of soils and sediments, a series of sediment reference materials (GSD1 -12, [10], which was frequently measured together with the samples.…”

Section: Analytical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Pottery from Different Neolithic Sites in Southeast Albania Using Various Analytical Techniques

Ndreçka¹,

Civici²,

Gjipali³

et al. 2017

MSCE

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In this paper we will consider the results of the investigation of ceramic shards from four Neolithic sites located in the south-east of Albania using different analytical methods. The sites of Vashtëmi, Podgori, Dunavec and Maliq, situated at the plateau of Korça, represent the Neolithic culture at the different stages from Early Neolithic to Eneolithic. The application of EDXRF, micro-XRF, XRD and Optical Microscopy (OM) allowed us to collect data on the mineralogical and elemental composition of the ceramics and the materials used for the external decorations. The results indicate that coarse to medium coarse, non-calcareous clays were used for the ceramic manufacture in all the sites. Mineral inclusions rich in Si, Ca, K, and Fe were identified, some of which could have been intentionally added to the clays during the production process. The similarities of the elemental composition of the shards indicate that the ceramics in each site were prepared from different clay deposits that should have been close to each site. Minerals rich in Ca, Fe and Mn have been used respectively for the white, red and dark brown surface decorations, while bitumen has been applied after the firing in a black decoration.

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“…9 X-ray spectrometry is a comparative method that requires standard samples for quantitative evaluation of specimens. 11,12 In this investigation the standard reference materials SRM 270 San Joaquin Soil, SRM 2710 Montana Soil Highly Elevated Traces, IAEA Soil 7 and GBW07405 (China National Publishing Trading Corporation) were employed. Standard and soil samples were prepared as pressed pellets according to the procedure described above.…”

Section: Instrumentation and Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%