Scavenger receptor-AI targeted theranostic nanoparticles for regression of atherosclerotic plaques via ABCA1 modulation

Cluster of Differentiation-44-Targeting Prussian Blue Nanoparticles Onloaded with Colchicine for Atherosclerotic Plaque Regression in a Mice Model

“…However, few studies have reported highly biocompatible pharmaceutical preparations for the plaque-targeting delivery of colchicine. As a metal–organic framework, PBNP is well suited to serve as a carrier for drug molecules, given its stable skeleton structure, uniform mesopore, and reported enhancement of drug loading and plaque penetration. , Through the combination of nanoparticles and ligands that possess a strong affinity to cellular receptors, active targeting of particular lesions is achievable . HA is characterized by superior biodegradability, biocompatibility, and minimal immunogenicity, and its specific interaction with CD44 enhances cellular endocytosis. − The creation of PBNP coated with HA relies on the complexation of the iron ion with the carboxylate group of HA, which guaranteed stability in aqueous dispersions.…”

“…The fluorescence properties of the nanoparticles were analyzed by using a fluorescence spectrometer (HORIBA Scientific Fluormax, Japan). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyze the drug entrapping and release results, as described earlier . Briefly, following the plotting of the standard curve of various concentrations of colchicine, the drug entrapment efficiency (EE) and LE were calculated by determining the amount of colchicine present in the supernatant during the formulation of nanoparticles according to the following formulas. E E .25em ( % ) = t o t a l .25em m a s s .25em o f .25em c o l c h i c i n e − m a s s .25em o f .25em u n e n c a p s u l a t e d .25em c h o c h i c i n e t o t a l .25em m a s s .25em o f .25em...…”

“…The method was executed as detailed earlier . Following a blockage process with 5% skim milk or BSA, the membranes were treated with primary antibodies, namely, P65 (1:1000), p-P65 (1:1000), IκBα (1:1000), p-IκBα (1:1000), TLR4 (1:1000), PGC-1α (1:500), SIRT1 (1:2000), IL-1β (1:2000), iNOS (1:1000), MCP-1 (1:1000), CD44 (1:300), Myd88 (1:2000), β-actin (1:2000), and GAPDH (1:2000), and left to incubate overnight at 4 °C.…”

“…The aortas underwent fixation in 4% PFA for 48 h, followed by staining with a 0.5% oil red O solution for 1 h and subsequent decolorization with 75% ethanol until the vessel walls free of plaques became milky white, as previously described . Mouse hearts were fixed for 48 h and subjected to freeze-embedding in order to section aortic sinus tissues.…”

Use of Poly Lactic-co-glycolic Acid Nano and Micro Particles in the Delivery of Drugs Modulating Different Phases of Inflammation

“…To selectively target atherosclerotic plaque and foam cells, the authors functionalized such PLGA-NPs with the PP1 peptide, which binds with high affinity to the scavenger receptor-AI (SR-AI) expressed by foam cells within atherosclerotic plaques. The in vivo application of these specifically modified PLGA-NPs induced atherosclerotic plaque regression by lowering the intraplaque lipid deposition in Apoe -/- mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) [ 128 ].…”