Scavenger Receptor CD163 and Its Biological Functions

Abstract

Summary: CD163 is a member of scavenger receptor super family class B of the first subgroup. It is mapped to the region p13 on chromosome 12. Five different isoforms of CD163 have been described, which differ in the structure of their cytoplasmic domains and putative phosporylation sites. This scavenger receptor is selectively expressed on cells of monocytes and macrophages lineage exclusively. CD163 immunological function is essentially homeostatic. It also has other functions because participates in adhesion to endothelial cells, in tolerance induction and tissues regeneration. Other very important function of CD163 is the clearance of hemoglobin in its cell-free form and participation in anti-inflammation in its soluble form, exhibiting cytokine-like functions. We review the biological functions of CD163 which have been discovered until now. It seems apparent from this review that CD163 scavenger receptor can be used as biomarker in different diseases and as a valuable diagnostic parameter for prognosis of many diseases especially inflammatory disorders and sepsis.

CD163, a Hemoglobin/Haptoglobin Scavenger Receptor, After Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Functions in Microglia/Macrophages Versus Neurons

“…A 130-kDa member of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) superfamily, CD163 is a single membrane-pass protein with nine extracellular domains [5]. Kristiansen et al identified CD163 as a scavenger receptor for haptoglobinhemoglobin complexes [6].…”

“…IL-10 is involved in the polarization of macrophages to the M2 (CD163 + ) phenotype [10,11], resulting in a positive feedback loop of IL-10 and CD163 expression. However, proinflammatory signals such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, transforming growth factor-β, and lipopolysaccharide lead to decreased levels of CD163 expression [5].…”

Perspective in predicting the effect of pleurodesis in the treatment of malignant pleural effusions

“…It is present mainly on monocytes and macrophages. It has an antiinfl ammatory effect while the dynamics of its changes may be used as an indicator of infl ammatory response (10).…”

Diagnostic usefulness of sCD163, procalcitonin and neopterin for sepsis risk assessment in critically ill patients

“…It is a member of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) family class B. 15,16 CD163 is a 130 kDa protein consisting of 9 extracellular SRCR protein domains which are linked to a short transmembrane segment and a short cytoplasmic tail. In vitro tests have revealed that glucocorticoids, IL-10 and IL-6 increase the amount of CD163, while IL-4 and IL-13 do not raise the level of CD163 concentration, and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha), IFN-γ (interferon gamma) and CXCL4 (CXC chemokine ligand 4) decrease the concentration of CD163.…”

“…15 In vitro studies have also shown that sCD163 secretion by monocytes and macrophages might be induced by TLR (toll-like receptor) or LPS (lipopolysaccharide). Shedding of sCD163 is equal to TNF-α response to LPS.…”