Scenarios for sustainable management of plant parasitic nematodes

Abstract

Plant parasitic nematodes cause significant yield reductions worldwide. Before development of soil fumigation, sustainable practices were developed for nematode management; but were utilized with limited success. The restricted availability of fumigants and other nematicides, has stimulated a return to research into more sustainable management scenarios. In recent years, new tools have been developed that improve the successful utilization of sustainable methods including: nematode resistant crop varieties, trap cropping, biofumigation, molecular identification techniques, databases that can be accessed online to search for crops resistant to nematodes, relatively inexpensive soil temperature dataloggers, nematode degree-day models, research on nematode biology and population cycling, development of less toxic chemicals, and development of new soil amendments and natural products. Combining these with a strong nematode control and certification program for nursery crops, have made it possible to develop promising scenarios to reduce damaging nematode populations and increase yields.

Metarhizium carneum Formulations: A Promising New Biological Control to Be Incorporated in the Integrated Management of Meloidogyne enterolobii on Tomato Plants

“…In this work, this strategy was used, applying two chemical compounds in the pretransplanting phase (fluensulfone and metam sodium). Various studies indicate that the most efficient nematicides in reducing the populations of various Meloidogyne species are soil fumigants, such a 1,3 dichloropropene, chloropicrin and metam sodium, since they can have an effectiveness between 50 and 80% in decreasing the initial nematode populations in the soil [49][50][51]. This coincides with what was recorded in this work, where the application of metam sodium, a chemical from the ditiocarbamate group, resulted in very low infestations in the tomato roots.…”

Ultrasound assisted cyanotoxin extraction for nematode inhibition in soil

“…Of the many possibilities being researched to screen and develop eco-friendly, chemical-free, greener, and sustainable alternatives for controlling nematode damage to plants, for example, soil management, soil solarization, using organic additives, and biological control [54] , [6] . Other scenarios for plant-parasitic nematode control include trap cropping, biofumigation, development of nematode-resistant crop varieties, and development of new soil amendments and natural products [60] . Several new nematicides have been developed that have less impact on the non-target nematodes or the environment (as a result of low dosage application and readily degradable materials), such as fluazaindolizine, fluensulfone, and cyclobutrifluram [58] , [31] .…”