Scheduling chemical processes for frequency regulation

Otashu, Joannah I.; Bâldea, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114125

Cited by 30 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The dynamic operation of the CAE cell has already been discussed in several publications, e.g., Budiarto et al [23] and Otashu and Baldea [24,25], who developed dynamic models for this purpose. Otashu and Baldea showed that DR is feasible for the CAE with the restriction that several variables, such as cell temperature, have to be controlled carefully.…”

Section: Challenges For Flexibilisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the chlorine value chain on the demand response potential of the chloralkali process

et al. 2020

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Renewable sources of energy supply an increasing share to the electricity mix although they show much more fluctuations than conventional energy sources. Hence, net stability and availability represent very large challenges. Demand response can positively contribute to the solution of this issue as large electricity consumers adapt their consumption to the available electricity. In the past, chloralkali electrolysis has been suggested as such a large consumer. Unfortunately, its main product, chlorine, cannot be easily stored in large amounts, so that downstream processes have to operate based on a fluctuating feed. This work reviews the processes within the chlorine value chain, determines the most promising ones for flexibilisation based on their chlorine consumption, and analyses these processes in more detail to assign them to one of four flexibility categories. It is shown that 45 % of the theoretical potential could be used for demand response right away. Highlights: • A novel approach to evaluate the flexibility of chemical processes is proposed. • The flexibility potential of the whole chlorine value chain is assessed. • The chlorine-consuming processes relevant for demand response are identified. • Subsequent processes limit demand response potential of chloralkali process. • The dichloroethane and the chloroacetic acid route have the highest potential.

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Section: Challenges For Flexibilisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the chlorine value chain on the demand response potential of the chloralkali process

et al. 2020

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“…They show a clear emphasis on scheduling [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] aspects [15][16][17], investigate model reduction [18,12], and elaborate design towards flexibility [19][20][21]. Increasingly, electrochemical processes, e.g., chlor-alkali process [2,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] and water electrolysis [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42], come into focus.…”

Section: Demand Response -Fluctuation Of Steady-state Processes Reacmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They show a clear emphasis on scheduling 6–14, discuss operational and control aspects 15–17, investigate model reduction 18, 12, and elaborate design towards flexibility 19–21. Increasingly, electrochemical processes, e.g., chlor‐alkali process 2, 22–31 and water electrolysis 32–42, come into focus.…”

Section: Motivation and Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Process Operation Under Demand Response – A Review of Methods and Tools

Esche

Repke

2020

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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Participating in electricity markets through demand response causes new requirements for optimizing process control of chemical plants. The last ten years have brought great advances in the formulation and solution of economic nonlinear model predictive control and state estimation to support operation of processes under dynamic constraints. However, gaps remain regarding the availabilities of suitable plant models capable of describing processes active in demand response as well as of robust schemes for state estimation and economic nonlinear model predictive control in commercial tools.

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“…11 These works typically assume engagement in the long-term (day-ahead) markets, but participation in short-term (frequency regulation) programs has also been considered. 12,13 The reader is directed to the work of Paulus and Borggrefe 14 for a comprehensive review of the potential of different industries to participate in DR programs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooperative optimal power flow with flexible chemical process loads

2021

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Power systems operations involve dispatching generation capacity and ancillary services as required to sustain reliable functioning of the electric grid. The dispatch schedules are determined by solving power flow calculations that incorporate models of the network components in real time as the power grid conditions change. Electricity intensive chemical processes can potentially provide grid support services and a closer coordination between process and grid operations can be beneficial. This cooperation is hindered by the lack of suitable process models, which appropriately protect process information. We propose a means to model the grid-relevant dynamics of chemical processes, and a framework for embedding such models in optimal power flow calculations. We present an extensive case study concerning cooperative demand-response operation for an electricity-intensive chemical process, chlor-alkali production. The results indicate significant flexibility and economic benefits both at the utility and at the end-user levels.

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Scheduling chemical processes for frequency regulation

Cited by 30 publications

References 37 publications

Impact of the chlorine value chain on the demand response potential of the chloralkali process

Impact of the chlorine value chain on the demand response potential of the chloralkali process

Dynamic Process Operation Under Demand Response – A Review of Methods and Tools

Cooperative optimal power flow with flexible chemical process loads

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