Scheduling periodic task graphs for safety-critical time-triggered avionic systems

Hu, Menglan; Luo, Jun; Yang, Wang; Veeravalli, Bharadwaj

doi:10.1109/taes.2015.140063

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…However, the studies all assume that each task and its instances are started in a strictly periodic pattern. In reality, besides the strictly periodic tasks within time-triggered applications, there also exist non-strictly periodic tasks where each instance of a task does not need to be started periodically [21][22][23]. To the best of our knowledge, Ref.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To the best of our knowledge, Ref. [21] is the first study that tried to derive better system performance with scheduling both strictly and non-strictly periodic tasks in the safety-critical time-triggered systems. However, their work only focuses on enhancing schedulability, and energy optimization is not involved.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since scheduling in multiprocessor systems is NP-hard, many heuristics have been developed when the scale of the problem is increased. To schedule multiple DAG-based applications on real-time multiprocessor systems, the studies in [6,8,21,[30][31][32][33][34] presented a collection of static greedy scheduling heuristics based on list-based scheduling. The list-based scheduling heuristics are generally accepted and can provide effective scheduling solutions and its performance is comparable with other algorithms at lower time complexity.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Energy-Efficient Scheduling of Periodic Applications on Safety-Critical Time-Triggered Multiprocessor Systems

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:Energy optimization for periodic applications running on safety/time-critical time-triggered multiprocessor systems has been studied recently. An interesting feature of the applications on the systems is that some tasks are strictly periodic while others are non-strictly periodic, i.e., the start time interval between any two successive instances of the same task is not fixed as long as task deadlines can be met. Energy-efficient scheduling of such applications on the systems has, however, been rarely investigated. In this paper, we focus on the problem of static scheduling multiple periodic applications consisting of both strictly and non-strictly periodic tasks on safety/time-critical time-triggered multiprocessor systems for energy minimization. The challenge of the problem is that both strictly and non-strictly periodic tasks must be intelligently addressed in scheduling to optimize energy consumption. We introduce a new practical task model to characterize the unique feature of specific tasks, and formulate the energy-efficient scheduling problem based on the model. Then, an improved Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) method is proposed to obtain the optimal scheduling solution by considering strict and non-strict periodicity of the specific tasks. To decrease the high complexity of MILP, we also develop a heuristic algorithm to efficiently find a high-quality solution in reasonable time. Extensive evaluation results demonstrate the proposed MILP and heuristic methods can on average achieve about 14.21% and 13.76% energy-savings respectively compared with existing work.

show abstract

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Energy-Efficient Scheduling of Periodic Applications on Safety-Critical Time-Triggered Multiprocessor Systems

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Following this direction, different approaches have been proposed to deal with the scheduling of time-driven tasks and messages. A scheduling algorithm (synchronized highest level first) along with two rescheduling and backtracking procedures (release time deferment and backtracking and priority promotion) have been proposed [26]. The algorithm is meant to schedule periodic applications (task graphs) that involve periodic and aperiodic tasks and messages from safety-critical time-triggered avionics systems.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully-Deterministic Execution of IEC-61499 Models for Distributed Avionics Applications

Insaurralde

2018

Aerospace

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:The development of time-critical Distributed Avionics Applications (DAAs) pushes beyond the limit of existing modeling methodologies to design dependable systems. Aerospace and industrial automation entail high-integrity applications where execution time is essential for dependability. This tempts us to use modeling technologies from one domain in another. The challenge is to demonstrate that they can be effectively used across domains whilst assuring temporally dependable applications. This paper shows that an IEC61499-modeled DAA can satisfy temporal dependability requirements as to end-to-end flow latency when it is properly scheduled and realized in a fully deterministic avionics platform that entails Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) computation along with Time-Triggered Protocol (TTP) communication. Outcomes from the execution design of an IEC61499-based DAA model for an IMA-TTP platform are used to check runtime correctness through DAA control stability. IEC 61499 is a modeling standard for industrial automation, and it is meant to facilitate distribution and reconfiguration of applications. The DAA case study is a Distributed Fluid Control System (DFCS) for the Airbus-A380 fuel system. Latency analysis results from timing metrics as well as closed-loop control simulation results are presented. Experimental outcomes suggest that an IEC61499-based DFCS model can achieve desired runtime latency for temporal dependability when executed in an IMA-TTP platform. Concluding remarks and future research direction are also discussed.

show abstract

“…To classify objects and to use the best sensor combination possible, it is crucial to compare their data. As not only the car, but also the surrounding objects move, the point in time when data is acquired needs to be known [3]. In that case, predictions of movement make objects comparable that were acquired by different sensors.…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Efficiency Due to a Common Global Timebase—Synchronizing FlexRay to 802.1AS Networks as a Foundation

Milbredt

Schick

Hübner

2018

JLPEA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Modern automotive control applications require a holistic time-sensitive development. Nowadays, this is achieved by technologies specifically designed for the automotive domain, like FlexRay, which offer a fault-tolerant time synchronization mechanism built into the protocol. Currently, the automotive industry adopts the Ethernet within the car, not only for embedding consumer electronics, but also as a fast and reliable backbone for control applications. Still, low-cost but highly reliable sensors connected over the traditional Controller Area Network (CAN) deliver data needed for autonomous driving. To fusion the data efficiently among all, a common timebase is required. The alternative would be oversampling, which uses more time and energy, e.g., at least double the perception rates of sensors. Ethernet and CAN do require the latter by default. Hence, a global synchronization mechanism eases tremendously the design of a low power automotive network and is the foundation of a transparent global clock. In this article, we present the first step: Synchronizing legacy FlexRay networks to the upcoming Ethernet backbone, which will contain a precise clock over the generalized Precision Time Protocol (gPTP) defined in IEEE 802.1AS. FlexRay then could still drive its strengths with deterministic transmission behavior and possibly also serve as a redundant technology for fail-operational system design.

show abstract

Scheduling periodic task graphs for safety-critical time-triggered avionic systems

Cited by 26 publications

References 31 publications

Energy-Efficient Scheduling of Periodic Applications on Safety-Critical Time-Triggered Multiprocessor Systems

Energy-Efficient Scheduling of Periodic Applications on Safety-Critical Time-Triggered Multiprocessor Systems

Fully-Deterministic Execution of IEC-61499 Models for Distributed Avionics Applications

Energy Efficiency Due to a Common Global Timebase—Synchronizing FlexRay to 802.1AS Networks as a Foundation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About