Schèmes Dynamiques Spatio-Temporels De L’activité De Procyon Lotor en Relation Avec Le Comportement

Bider, J. R.; Thibault, Philippe; Sarrazin, R

doi:10.1515/mamm.1968.32.2.137

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…There is an indication that the number of prey consumed per predator is not just directly proportional to prey density, but that the activity of predators searching for prey is greater near habitat discontinuities. Bider (1968) observed that such small mammals as red squirrels, eastern chipmunks, shrews, and weasels were significantly more active in the vicinity of the forest edge than the interior. Raccoons were found to extend their activity to an even greater ecotonal distance than smaller animals, but still used forest interiors only sparingly (Bider et al 1968, Bider 1968).…”

Section: Predator Activitymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Bider (1968) observed that such small mammals as red squirrels, eastern chipmunks, shrews, and weasels were significantly more active in the vicinity of the forest edge than the interior. Raccoons were found to extend their activity to an even greater ecotonal distance than smaller animals, but still used forest interiors only sparingly (Bider et al 1968, Bider 1968). Bider (1968) thought that the forest edge may function as a biological barrier that causes animals to move parallel to it for some distance.…”

Section: Predator Activitymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Raccoons were found to extend their activity to an even greater ecotonal distance than smaller animals, but still used forest interiors only sparingly (Bider et al 1968, Bider 1968). Bider (1968) thought that the forest edge may function as a biological barrier that causes animals to move parallel to it for some distance. Such a mechanism could also explain the increased activity of eastern chipmunks in the ecotone between field and forest habitats studied by Forsyth and Smith (1973).…”

Section: Predator Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Avian Nest Dispersion and Fledging Success in Field‐Forest Ecotones

Gates¹,

Gysel²

1978

Ecology

963

589

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Observations of 21 species of open—nesting passerines breeding in contiguous field and forest habitats at Rose Lake Wildlife Research Area, Michigan, were made during 1974 and 1975. Data were collected on nest dispersion, clutch—size, and fledging success in relation to the field—forest edge. Losses of eggs or nestlings were attributed to predation, inclement weather, Brown—headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) parasitism, nest desertion, hatching failure, and adult death. Each bird species seemed to have a preferred distance from the habitat discontinuity that was used as a nest site. Furthermore, nests were not uniformly distributed on the area. Over one—half of the nests were found within ±15 m of the habitat discontinuity. Seventy—five percent of the nests belonged to birds characteristic of mixed breeding habitats, i.e., birds requiring an open overstory canopy with elevated singing and observation perches and dense cover near the ground for nesting and feeding. These mixed—habitat species also accounted for the increase in avian species nesting near edges. Based on Kendall rank and partial rank correlation tests, increasing numbers of nests and the percentage of total clutches, <3 eggs were found to be negatively correlated with increasing distance from the habitat discontinuity. Correlation between fledging success and increasing distance from the edge was positive and highly significant. Of the several mortality factors investigated, predation and cowbird parasitism were found to be the most important. The increased predation rate with decreased distance from the edge was attributed primarily to a functional response to higher numbers of nests and a greater activity of potential nest predators in the vicinity of the habitat discontinuities. Our results indicate that habitat suitability decreases with increasing numbers of nests toward the narrow field—forest edges. Although such abrupt habitat discontinuities did attract a variety and abundance of birds characteristic of habitats with mixed life—form, these discontinuities seemed to function as "ecological traps" by concentration nests and thereby increasing density—dependent mortality. Ironically, the cowbird was also a victim of the increased predation rate. As these man—made forest edges are of recent origin, they are perhaps unrepresentative of the ecological niche in which these species evolved, and thus they may be poorly adapted to cope with the increased nest predation.

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Section: Predator Activitymentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Predator Activitymentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Predator Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Avian Nest Dispersion and Fledging Success in Field‐Forest Ecotones

Gates¹,

Gysel²

1978

Ecology

963

589

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“…Bider et al (1968) described similar foraging tactics for raccoons. The raccoons visited known food sites early in the evening and then distributed their activity more evenly throughout the habitat later in the night.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Food consumption and preferences in wild populations of Clethrionomys gapperi and Napaeozapus insignis

Vickery¹

1979

Can. J. Zool.

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VICKERY, W. L. 1979. Food consumption and preferences in wild populations of Clethrionomys gupperi and Nupaeozapus insignis. Can. J . Zool. 57: 1536-1542.Clethrionomys gapperi and Napaeozupus insignis are shown to consume quantities of most of the more common fleshy fruits found in the mixed deciduous forest of the mid-Laurentians of Quebec, based on consumption at forest feeding stations. Differences in preferences among the fruits are small. Both rodents tend to return to known food sources and increase both activity and food consumption with increased food density. Functional response to food density is slightly better fitted by the disc equation than by linear regression. VICKERY, W. L. 1979. Food consumption and preferences in wild populations of Clethrionomys gapperi and Nupueozupu.s insignis. Can. J . Zool. 57: 1536-1542. D'apres la consommation enregistree aux stations forestieres d'echantillonnage, il semble queClerhrionomys yapperi et Napaeozapus insignis se nourrissent de la plupart des arbres a fruits charnus les plus communs de la forit decidue des Laurentides moyennes du Quebec. Les animaux n'ont pas de preference marquee pour un fruit plutBt qu'un autre. Les deux rongeurs ont tendance a retourner aux sources connues de nourriture; leur activite et leur consommation augmentent avec la densite de nourriture. La reaction fonctionnelle i la densite de nourriture s'illustre legtrement mieux par une equation a disque que par une droite de regression.[Traduit par le journal]

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“…To approximate raccoon weight limits observed in field studies, dispersers began with a mass of 3750 g, had a maximum mass of 10000 g and died of starvation if their body mass fell below 1800 g [56], [57], (Beasley unpublished data). Dispersers were active for 12 h during the night (1800 until 600) and rested for 12 h during the day [58], [59], [60]. Translocated raccoons typically establish home ranges after 2 weeks of dispersing [61] so this value (168 active steps) was used as the trigger time for virtual raccoons to begin choosing home-range centers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SEARCH: Spatially Explicit Animal Response to Composition of Habitat

et al. 2013

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Complex decisions dramatically affect animal dispersal and space use. Dispersing individuals respond to a combination of fine-scale environmental stimuli and internal attributes. Individual-based modeling offers a valuable approach for the investigation of such interactions because it combines the heterogeneity of animal behaviors with spatial detail. Most individual-based models (IBMs), however, vastly oversimplify animal behavior and such behavioral minimalism diminishes the value of these models. We present program SEARCH (Spatially Explicit Animal Response to Composition of Habitat), a spatially explicit, individual-based, population model of animal dispersal through realistic landscapes. SEARCH uses values in Geographic Information System (GIS) maps to apply rules that animals follow during dispersal, thus allowing virtual animals to respond to fine-scale features of the landscape and maintain a detailed memory of areas sensed during movement. SEARCH also incorporates temporally dynamic landscapes so that the environment to which virtual animals respond can change during the course of a simulation. Animals in SEARCH are behaviorally dynamic and able to respond to stimuli based upon their individual experiences. Therefore, SEARCH is able to model behavioral traits of dispersing animals at fine scales and with many dynamic aspects. Such added complexity allows investigation of unique ecological questions. To illustrate SEARCH's capabilities, we simulated case studies using three mammals. We examined the impact of seasonally variable food resources on the weight distribution of dispersing raccoons (Procyon lotor), the effect of temporally dynamic mortality pressure in combination with various levels of behavioral responsiveness in eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus), and the impact of behavioral plasticity and home range selection on disperser mortality and weight change in virtual American martens (Martes americana). These simulations highlight the relevance of SEARCH for a variety of applications and illustrate benefits it can provide for conservation planning.

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Schèmes Dynamiques Spatio-Temporels De L’activité De Procyon Lotor en Relation Avec Le Comportement

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

Avian Nest Dispersion and Fledging Success in Field‐Forest Ecotones

Avian Nest Dispersion and Fledging Success in Field‐Forest Ecotones

Food consumption and preferences in wild populations of Clethrionomys gapperi and Napaeozapus insignis

SEARCH: Spatially Explicit Animal Response to Composition of Habitat

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