Schisandrin B Enhances Hepatic/Myocardial Glutathione Regeneration Capacity and Protects Against Oxidant Injury in Rat Livers and Hearts

Abstract

Abstract:The effects of schisandrin B (Sch B), curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and resveratrol on the glutathione regeneration capacity (GRC) of liver and heart tissues ex vivo were examined in relation to their protective effects against CCl 4 hepatotoxicity in vivo and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury ex vivo in rats. Results indicated that Sch B, but not curcumin, EGCG or resveratrol, caused hepatic and myocardial GRC enhancement, which was paralleled by its protection against CCl 4 hepatotoxicity and myocardial I/R injury. Although resveratrol and curcumin failed to increase the GRC of liver/heart tissues, they did protect against CCl 4 hepatotoxicity and myocardial I/R injury. In conclusion, the Sch B-induced enhancement of GRC ex vivo correlated well with its ability to protect tissues against oxidant injury in vivo/ex vivo, suggesting that the GRC assay can be used as a monitor of tissue protection for compounds stimulating glutathione redox cycling. However, phytochemicals can also protect against oxidant injury through various other mechanisms.

Cardioprotective effects of curcumin against myocardial I/R injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical and clinical studies

“…Twenty studies ( Sato et al, 2000 ; Yeh et al, 2005 ; Kim et al, 2008 ; Ali et al, 2009 ; Gonzalez-Salazar et al, 2011 ; Duan et al, 2012 ; Jeong et al, 2012 ; Kim et al, 2012 ; Wang et al, 2012 ; Yang et al, 2013a ; Broskova et al, 2013 ; Leong et al, 2013 ; Wang et al, 2014 ; Hardy et al, 2015 ; Chen et al, 2016 ; Liu et al, 2017a ; Liu et al, 2017b ; Deng et al, 2018 ; Wang et al, 2018 ; Jo et al, 2020 ) were published in English, and four studies ( Cheng et al, 2005 ; Wu, 2011 ; Yao and Jiang, 2014 ; Gu et al, 2016 ) were published in Chinese. Sixteen studies ( Sato et al, 2000 ; Cheng et al, 2005 ; Kim et al, 2008 ; Wu, 2011 ; Duan et al, 2012 ; Jeong et al, 2012 ; Kim et al, 2012 ; Wang et al, 2012 ; Leong et al, 2013 ; Wang et al, 2014 ; Liu et al, 2017a ; Liu et al, 2017b ; Wang et al, 2018 ; Jo et al, 2020 ) used Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, five studies ( Ali et al, 2009 ; Gonzalez-Salazar et al, 2011 ; Broskova et al, 2013 ; Hardy et al, 2015 ; Chen et al, 2016 ) used Wistar rats, two studies ( Gu et al, 2016 ; Deng et al, 2018 ) used C57BL/6 mice, and one study ( Yeh et al, 2005 ) used New Zealand white rabbits. Twenty studies ( Cheng et al, 2005 ; Yeh et al, 2005 ; Kim et al, 2008 ; Ali et al, 2009 ; Gonzalez-Salazar et al, 2011 ; Wu, 2011 ; Duan et al, 2012 ; Jeong et al,...…”

“…Sixteen studies ( Sato et al, 2000 ; Cheng et al, 2005 ; Kim et al, 2008 ; Wu, 2011 ; Duan et al, 2012 ; Jeong et al, 2012 ; Kim et al, 2012 ; Wang et al, 2012 ; Leong et al, 2013 ; Wang et al, 2014 ; Liu et al, 2017a ; Liu et al, 2017b ; Wang et al, 2018 ; Jo et al, 2020 ) used Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, five studies ( Ali et al, 2009 ; Gonzalez-Salazar et al, 2011 ; Broskova et al, 2013 ; Hardy et al, 2015 ; Chen et al, 2016 ) used Wistar rats, two studies ( Gu et al, 2016 ; Deng et al, 2018 ) used C57BL/6 mice, and one study ( Yeh et al, 2005 ) used New Zealand white rabbits. Twenty studies ( Cheng et al, 2005 ; Yeh et al, 2005 ; Kim et al, 2008 ; Ali et al, 2009 ; Gonzalez-Salazar et al, 2011 ; Wu, 2011 ; Duan et al, 2012 ; Jeong et al, 2012 ; Kim et al, 2012 ; Wang et al, 2012 ; Yang et al, 2013a ; Broskova et al, 2013 ; Wang et al, 2014 ; Yao and Jiang, 2014 ; Hardy et al, 2015 ; Chen et al, 2016 ; Gu et al, 2016 ; Deng et al, 2018 ; Wang et al, 2018 ; Jo et al, 2020 ) used male animals, and the remaining four studies ( Sato et al, 2000 ; Leong et al, 2013 ; Liu et al, 2017a ; Liu et al, 2017b ) did not clarify gender. Twelve studies ( Sato et al, 2000 ; Cheng et al, 2005 ; Yeh et al, 2005 ; Gonzalez-Salazar et al, 2011 ; Wu, 2011 ; Duan et al, 2012 ; Jeong et al, 2012 ; Yang et a...…”

“…Twenty studies ( Cheng et al, 2005 ; Yeh et al, 2005 ; Kim et al, 2008 ; Ali et al, 2009 ; Gonzalez-Salazar et al, 2011 ; Wu, 2011 ; Duan et al, 2012 ; Jeong et al, 2012 ; Kim et al, 2012 ; Wang et al, 2012 ; Yang et al, 2013a ; Broskova et al, 2013 ; Wang et al, 2014 ; Yao and Jiang, 2014 ; Hardy et al, 2015 ; Chen et al, 2016 ; Gu et al, 2016 ; Deng et al, 2018 ; Wang et al, 2018 ; Jo et al, 2020 ) used male animals, and the remaining four studies ( Sato et al, 2000 ; Leong et al, 2013 ; Liu et al, 2017a ; Liu et al, 2017b ) did not clarify gender. Twelve studies ( Sato et al, 2000 ; Cheng et al, 2005 ; Yeh et al, 2005 ; Gonzalez-Salazar et al, 2011 ; Wu, 2011 ; Duan et al, 2012 ; Jeong et al, 2012 ; Yang et al, 2013a ; Leong et al, 2013 ; Yao and Jiang, 2014 ; Gu et al, 2016 ; Wang et al, 2018 ) used pentobarbital sodium for anesthetic, six studies ( Kim et al, 2008 ; Kim et al, 2012 ; Wang et al, 2012 ; Wang et al, 2014 ; Liu et al, 2017b ; Deng et al, 2018 ) used ketamine combined with xylazine, two studies ( Chen et al, 2016 ; Liu et al, 2017a ) used chloral hydrate, one study ( Broskova et al, 2013 ) used diethylether, one study ( Ali et al, 2009 ) used thiopentone sodium, one study ( Jo et al, 2020 ) used Alfaxalone combined with xylazine, and the remaining one ( Hardy et al, 2015 ) did not specify the anaesthetic. 15 myocardial I/R models ( Cheng et al, 2005 ; Kim et al, 2008 ; Ali et al, 2009 ; …”

“…The score of study quality ranged from two to six with a total of ten points. One study ( Hardy et al, 2015 ) got two points, eight studies ( Cheng et al, 2005 ; Yeh et al, 2005 ; Ali et al, 2009 ; Yang et al, 2013a ; Leong et al, 2013 ; Chen et al, 2016 ; Gu et al, 2016 ; Deng et al, 2018 ) got three points, four studies ( Sato et al, 2000 ; Duan et al, 2012 ; Liu et al, 2017a ; Wang et al, 2018 ) got four points, five studies ( Kim et al, 2008 ; Gonzalez-Salazar et al, 2011 ; Broskova et al, 2013 ; Liu et al, 2017b ; Jo et al, 2020 ) got five points, and the remaining 6 ( Wu, 2011 ; Jeong et al, 2012 ; Kim et al, 2012 ; Wang et al, 2012 ; Wang et al, 2014 ; Yao and Jiang, 2014 ) got six points. All studies reported random allocation of animals, but only 1 ( Gu et al, 2016 ) of them reported the process of random sequence generation.…”

Schisandrin B: A Double‐Edged Sword in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

“…CCl 4 hepatotoxicity involves the release of TNF- α , nitric oxide, and TGF- α / β from Kupffer cells in the liver, resulting in the production of hepatic fibrosis [98]. The hepatoprotection against CCl 4 toxicity afforded by Sch B in rats is associated with enhancement of glutathione regeneration capacity [99]. The glutathione antioxidant system is regulated by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), the principal transcriptional regulator of cellular antioxidant genes, which in turn binds to its corresponding element, namely, the antioxidant response element (ARE), on DNA [100].…”